SYNCHRO CLASSIFICATION

Synchros work in teams. Two or more synchros interconnected electrically form a synchro system. There are two general classifications of synchro systems - TORQUE SYSTEMS AND CONTROL SYSTEMS. Torque-synchro systems use torque synchros and control-synchro systems use control synchros. The load dictates the type of synchro system, and thus the type of synchro.

Torque-synchro systems are classified "torque" because they are mainly concerned with the torque or turning force required to move light loads such as dials, pointers, or similar indicators. The positioning of these devices requires a relatively low amount of torque. Control synchros are used in systems that are designed to move heavy loads such as gun directors, radar antennas, and missile launchers.

In addition to the two general classifications, synchros are grouped into seven basic functional classes as shown in table 1-1.  Four of these are the torque type and three are the control type. Each synchro is described in the table by name, abbreviation, input, output, and the other synchro units that may be connected to it. Generally, torque and control synchros may not be interchanged. The functional operation of each of these seven synchros is covered later in this text.

Table 1-1. - Synchro Information

Synchros are also classified according to their operating frequency.

This classification was brought about by the development of the 400-Hz synchro.

Prior to this time, the 60-Hz synchro was the only one in use. Synchro operating frequencies are covered in detail in the section on synchro characteristics.

Q.3 Name the two general classifications of synchro systems.
Q.4 What is the difference between a torque synchro and a control synchro?
Q.5 Using table 1-1, name two synchros that provide a mechanical output.

STANDARD MARKINGS AND SYMBOLS

Synchros used in the Navy can be grouped into two broad categories:

• MILITARY STANDARD SYNCHROS and PRESTANDARD NAVY SYNCHROS. Military standard synchros conform to specifications that are uniform throughout the armed services.
• New varieties of equipment use synchros of this type. Prestandard synchros were designed to meet Navy, rather than servicewide, specifications. Each category has its own designation code for identification.

Military Standard Synchro Code

The military standard designation code identifies standard synchros by their physical size, functional purpose, and supply voltage characteristics. The code is alphanumerical and is broken down in the following manner. The first two digits indicate the diameter of the synchro in tenths of an inch, to the next higher tenth. For example, a synchro with a diameter of 1.75 inches has the numeral 18 as its first two digits. The first letter indicates the general function of the synchro and of the synchro system-C for control or T for torque. The next letter indicates the specific function of the synchro, as follows:

If the letter B follows the specific function designation, the synchro has a rotatable stator. The last number in the designation indicates the operating frequency-6 for 60 Hz and 4 for 400 Hz. The upper-case letter following the frequency indicator is the modification designation. The letter "A" indicates that the synchro design is original. The first modification is indicated by the letter "B." Succeeding modifications are indicated by the letters "C," "D," and so on, except for the unused letters "I," "L," "O," and "Q."

For example, an 18TR6A synchro is an original design, 60-Hz torque receiver with a diameter of between 1.71 and 1.80 inches.

A synchro designated 16CTB4B is the first modification of a 400-Hz control transformer with a rotatable stator and a diameter of between 1.51 and 1.60 inches.

All standard synchros are labeled with such a code. Synchros used in circuits supplied by 26 volts are classified in the same way, except that the symbol 26V is prefixed to the designator (for example, 26V-16CTB4A). Otherwise, a 115 volts source is assumed for the synchro system.

Navy Prestandard Synchro Code

The Navy prestandard designation code identifies prestandard synchros by size and function, using a number and letter combination. Unlike the standard code, the number does not indicate directly the diameter of the synchro. The number merely represents the approximate size of the synchro, increasing as the size increases. The approximate size and weight of the five most common sizes are shown in the following table.

Note that prestandard size 1 is approximately the same size as standard size 23 (2.21 to 2.30 inches in diameter). Prestandard size 3 is approximately the same size as standard size 31. Prestandard size 5 is approximately the same size as standard size 37.

The letters used in the prestandard coding system indicate the function, mounting, or special characteristics of the synchro as shown in the following chart.

Navy prestandard synchros are rarely used today. They have been replaced by the standard synchro. However, by being familiar with the prestandard coding system, you will be able to identify the older synchros and make correct replacements if necessary.

Q.6 What does the code 26V-11TX4D mean on a synchro nameplate?
Q.7 Which of the two synchro designation codes is indicated by 5DG on a synchro nameplate?