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Chapter 11 - Extensions on Diatonic Chords | Up
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MINOR NINTH
The minor ninth appears in minor keys on the dominant seventh chord. The minor ninth must resolve down by step. The minor ninth should never be reduced to a minor second. Inversions are rare. The fourth inversion is forbidden.
 FIGURE 11.7. The Minor Ninth and Inversions
ELEVENTH
Major chords with an eleventh are referred to as sus4 chords in Basic Music (TC 12-41/ NAVEDTRA 10244). The eleventh appears primarily over the dominant seventh chord. The seventh and ninth usually appear with an eleventh, omitting the third and fifth. Chords with elevenths are used exclusively in root position. The dominant eleventh chord may resolve in three ways: (1) Directly to the tonic chord with the eleventh repeating to become the root of the tonic, the ninth and seventh resolving normally. (2) The eleventh resolves down by step to the leading tone, forming a dominant ninth. (3) The eleventh and ninth resolve simultaneously, forming a dominant seventh.
 FIGURE 11.8. The Dominant Eleventh
THIRTEENTH
The thirteenth appears on the dominant seventh chord only. It appears exclusively in root position with the fifth, ninth, and eleventh omitted. The thirteenth may resolve down by step to the fifth of the dominant seventh (appoggiatura) or by leap to the root of the tonic chord. When the latter occurs, the Bass voice must ascend to avoid an objectionable hidden octave.
 FIGURE 11.9. The Dominant Thirteenth
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