FOREGROUND (PHOTOGRAPHY) That part of the landscape imaged in a horizontal or oblique photograph that is closer than the principal object to the camera. (ASP)

FRAME (l) Any single exposure contained within a continuous sequence of photographs. (2) The smallest unit in television or film-a single picture. A complete scanning cycle of the two fields every l/30 second. A frame equal to 525 scanning lines.

FREEZE FRAME Arrested motion that is perceived as a still shot.

FULL APERTURE The maximum opening of a lens diaphragm. (PIA)

FULL STOP The standard series of diaphragm markings, or stop openings, that are 0.7, 1.0, 1.4, 2.0, 2.8, 4.0, 5.6, 8, 11, 16, 22, 32, 45, 64, 90, and 128.

FUZZINESS Lack of image sharpness caused by a defective lens, poor focus, movement, and so forth.

GAIN The level of amplification for video or audio signals. Increasing the video gain increases the picture contrast.

GENERATION The number of dubs or copies sway from the original recording. The greater number of generations, the greater loss of picture quality.

GRADUATE A container for liquids marked off to measure various volumes. (PIA)

GRAIN The discrete particles of image silver in photographs. The random distribution of these particles in an area of uniform exposure gives rise to the appearance known as graininess."

GRAININESS The subjective impression of non-uniformity in an area of a photograph corresponding to uniform exposure, most often noticeable in enlargements with a magnification of 10 or more.

GRANULARITY An objective quantitative measure of graininess.

GROUND GLASS A sheet of glass with a grained or matte (translucent) surface, a focusing screen, diffusing screen, and so forth. (PIA)

GUIDE NUMBER Values assigned to photographic flood and flash lamps according to American Standard to rate their light output in terms useful in exposure calculation. The guide number for a particular lamp used with a particular film is divided by the distance in feet from the lamp to the subject to find the f/number.

HALATION A halo or ghost image surrounding the true image of a bright object on a photographic emulsion, caused by reflection of rays of light from the back of the negative material.

HALFTONE Reproduction of a photograph in which the gradation of tone is reproduced by various sized dots and intermittent white spaces caused by interposing a screen between the lens and the film. (IABPAI)

HALIDE Any compound of chlorine, iodine, bromine, or fluorine, and silver. Silver bromide, silver chloride, and silver iodide are the light-sensitive materials in silver emulsions.

HANGER, FILM A frame, usually of metal or plastic, for holding one or more photographic films to facilitate handling during processing.

HARDENER A chemical that increases the melting point of gelatin in photographic layers and prevents softening in warm-processing baths. Hardeners commonly used in photographic processing baths are aluminum potassium sulfate, chromium potassium sulfate, and formaldehyde solution. (PIA)

HAZE The presence of foreign matter in the atmosphere to an extent sufficient to reduce even slightly its transparency.

HEAD-ON SHOT A directionless shot in which the subject comes directly toward the camera. Used to change screen direction.

HEADS A small assembly within an audio or video recording system that can erase, record, or playback the signal in electromagnetic impulses.

HELICAL SCAN, OR HELICAL VTR (ALSO CALLED SLANT TRACK) A videotape recording or a videotape recorder in which the video signal is put on tape in a slanted, diagonal way. Because the tape wraps around the head drum in a spiral-like configuration, it is called helical.

HIGH-ANGLE SHOT A scene photographed on a downward angle; the camera being placed above the action.