BRIGHTNESS RANGE Variation of light intensities from maximum to minimum. Generally refers to a subject to be photographed. For example, a particular subject may have a range of one to four-that is, four times the amount of light is reflected from the brightest highlight as from the least bright portion of the subject.

BULB EXPOSURE An exposure in which the shutter remains open as long as the shutter release mechanism is depressed.

BURNING IN In photographic printing, a technique by which selected areas of the image are given extra exposure, and the rest of the image is protected against added exposure.

CABLE RELEASE A device consisting of a stiff wire encased in an outer flexible covering designed to trip a camera shutter without touching the camera itself. One end is threaded to fit the shutter, and the other has a thumb operated plunger.

CAMCORDER A portable video camera with videotape recorder (VTR) and a microphone attached to form a signal unit.

CAMEL-HAIR BRUSH Term used to define any brush with superfine, soft bristles used for dusting lenses and front surface mirrors.

CAMERA A lighttight chamber, usually fitted with a lens, through which the image of an object is recorded on a light-sensitive material.

CAMERA, IDENTIFICATION A type of still-picture camera used primarily for the making of identification photographs.

CAMERA, REFLEX A camera containing a reflecting mirror within the box, so the image may be focused on a ground glass on top of the camera. A single-lens reflex camera has a device to swing the mirror out of the way during the exposure. A twin-lens reflex camera uses two lenses: one for the viewing image and one for the actual picture-making.

CAMERA, VIEW A tripod-mounted camera that has incorporated into its construction a long bellows, a rising and falling front, horizontal and vertical swing, lateral shift of front and back, and either a reversible or a rotating back The view cameras versatility is valuable for the correction of

distortions in architectural, close-up, and illustration photography.

CAPSTAN An electrically driven roller that rotates and transports the videotape past the recorder heads at a precise and fixed speed.

CASSETTE A light-trapped metal or plastic container for a length of roll film to enable it to be loaded into a camera in full light.

CCD Charged-coupled device, also called a chip. A small, solid-state (silicon resin) imaging device used in a video camera instead of camera pickup tubes. Inside the chip, image-sensing elements translate the optical image into a video signal. Chip cameras are insensitive to burn in.

CELL, PHOTOELECTRIC A device by which light is transformed into electrical energy. Used as the sensitive element in exposure meters and optical sound reproducers and projectors.

CENTIGRADE A thermometer scale having 100 divisions between the freezing and boiling points of water in universal use for scientific purposes. Also called Celsius after its inventor. Centigrade temperatures may be converted to Fahrenheit temperatures with the following formula:

F=9/5C+32

when F = Fahrenheit temperature and C = Centigrade temperature. (PIA)

CENTIMETER A unit of length in the metric system which is 0.01 of a meter. According to American standards, 1 inch is equivalent to 2.54 centimeters (cm). (PIA)

CHARACTER GENERATOR An electronic device to create words or graphics that may be electronically inserted or keyed over the video picture.

CHARACTERISTIC CURVE The curve showing the relationship between exposure and resulting density in a developed photographic image. It is usually plotted as the density against the log exposure in candle-meter-seconds. Called also the H. and D. curve and the sensitometric curve. The abscissa is sometimes an arbitrary relative exposure.

CHEMICAL FOG Fog appearing during development of parts of a film not exposed to light. (PIA)