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SECTION II
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
Prevention and control of disease are considered the
most desirable means of maintaining good
health. Information included in this
overview should provide you with a
general knowledge of the principles and practices of
the Navy's Preventive Medicine afloat and ashore. This
information is discussed in detail in the Manual
of Naval Preventive Medicine, NAVMED
P-5010.
SANITATION
Sanitation is defined as the formulation and
application of measures designed to protect (military)
public health, and the disposal of waste.
The goal of the Navy's sanitation
program is to provide personnel with a
clean and healthy work and living environment.
Personal Hygiene
Because of the close living quarters in the Navy,
particularly aboard ships, personal hygiene is of
utmost importance: Uncleanliness or
disagreeable ordor will surely affect
the morale of your shipmates. Disease
and other health problems can spread and
rapidly affect an entire compartment or division. Good
personal hygiene promotes health and
prevents disease. You are responsible
for presenting health education
training programs to the personnel in your
unit, including information on the basics of personal
hygiene, and proper exercise, sleep, and
nutritional requirements.
Sanitation of Living Spaces
You, as the MDR, perform sanitation inspections
and provide recommendations to the commanding
officer. The living spaces, their
inspection, and living space cleaning
and maintenance practices are discussed
in detail in the Manual of Preventive
Medicine, NAVMED P-5010.
HABITABILITY
Factors that can effect habitability of working and
berthing spaces are air ventilation,
heating, and air conditioning.
Measurements of thermal stress are used to monitor
environmental conditions in which personnel work, live,
and exercise. Monitoring environmental
conditions is crucial to maintaining a
safe environment for personnel. For
more detailed information on the items discussed in
this section, you should refer to Manual of Naval
Preventive Medicine, NAVMED P-5010.
VECTOR AND PEST CONTROL
A vector is any animal capable of transmitting
pathogens or producing human or animal
discomfort or injury. Some of the
commonly encountered vectors are
insects, arthropods (insects with hard, jointed
exoskeleton and paired, jointed legs), and rodents.
Pests, on the other hand, are
organisms (insects, rodents, fungi,
bacteria, snakes, etc.) that adversely
affect military operations and the well-being of man
and animal; attack real property, supplies,
and equipment; or are otherwise
undesirable. For more detailed
information on the items discussed in this
section, you should refer to Manual of Naval
Preventive Medicine, NAVMED P-5010.
FOOD-SERVICE SANITATION
Food-borne illnesses represent an ever-present
threat to the health and morale of our military
personnel. To prevent food-borne illnesses,
you will need to ensure that all foods
are procured from approved sources and
processed, prepared, and served with
careful adherence to recommended sanitary
practices. When assigned as a medical department
representative for a command or station, you
may be given the responsibility of
inspecting food, food-service
facilities, and investigating food-borne
illness outbreaks.
For guidance on safe time limits for keeping food, proper storage temperatures, and storage life of
perishable and semi-perishable items, refer
to tables in Naval Supply Publication
486.
Training and Hygiene of Food-Service
Personnel
Food-service personnel should be thoroughly
indoctrinated in personal hygiene and food sanitation
procedures and in the methods and importance
of preventing food-borne illness.
Requirements for food service training
are addressed in Food Service
Training Program, SECNAVINST 4061.1.
Food-Service Inspection Report
Navy and Marine Corps food-service facilities are
required to be inspected by a medical department
representative, together with the
food-service manager or officer or
designated representative. The findings of
the inspection are reported on a NAVMED Form
6240/1, Food Service Sanitation Inspection. Asystem
has been established in which maximum defect
points are awarded for each stated
requirement. The inspector assigns an
appropriate number of defect points up
to the maximum possible and computes a
sanitary compliance score (SCS). Complete
step-by-step procedures for filing the report and
computing the SCS are provided in the Manual
of Naval Preventive Medicine, NAVMED
P-5010.
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