understand the material presented. At the close of  the  presentation  period,  the  major  points covered  in  the  lesson  should  be  summarized. This  should  enable  students  to  organize  the material  in  their  minds  and  provide  for  better retention. At  the  close  of  the  presentation,  students cannot  reasonably  be  expected  to  have  learned all that was discussed in the lesson. Instruction cannot  be  terminated  at  this  point.  To  do  so would  give  the  students  no  opportunity  to  rein- force  their  learning  by  application,  and  would not permit the RE instructor to check the results of   instruction   by   testing.   Therefore,   it   is necessary  that  the  remaining  steps  in  the teaching  process  be  completed  before  the  train- ing  can  be  said  to  be  complete. Application The  third  step  in  instruction  demonstrates the  fact  that  one  learns  by  doing.  The  applica- tion  step  permits  students  to  utilize  the  ideas they have acquired in the presentation under the guidance  of  the  RE  instructor.  It  also  offers  the instructor  an  opportunity  to  observe  the  per- formance  of  each  individual  and  to  correct  the student’s   errors.   Teaching   continues,   and   the RE instructor is given an opportunity to answer questions  pertaining  to  the  lesson.  The  instruc- tor  must  make  further  explanations,  and  give additional  demonstrations,  but  no  information should be offered which was not included in the presentation step. Students must be given ample opportunity to practice what they have learned. Testing The fourth and final step in the teaching pro- cedure  is  testing.  When  reasonably  sure  that students understand the lesson, the RE instruc- tor  can  help  them  clarify  their  knowledge  by testing.  In  a  test,  students  function  without supervision.  It  must  be  remembered  that  in  the application  step,  the  students’  work  was  con- stantly   under   the   instructor’s   direction.   They could  ask  questions,  and  wherever  possible, errors  were  identified  and  corrected.  In  a  test, the responsibility is their own, so the RE instruc- tor may learn exactly how much they know and what weak points will require additional instruc- tion. Many  devices  may  be  used  to  test  the knowledge  or  skill  the  students  have  acquired. The  means  the  RE  instructor  uses  to  determine the  effectiveness  of  instruction  and  the  relative achievement  of  learners  constitutes  the  testing. Students  also  learn  to  what  extent  they  have mastered  the  subject  matter.  The  most  common means of testing include work projects, practical performance  tests,  written  tests,  oral  tests,  or  a combination  of  these.  The  timing  and  means  of testing  utilized  will  depend  in  large  measure upon the nature of the material being taught. It may be more practical to test achievement upon the  conclusion  of  a  unit  of  instruction  rather than  upon  the  completion  of  each  lesson. The Lesson Plan The ability to plan a presentation or lesson so that  the  content  can  be  presented  in  an  orderly and  precise  manner  is  a  basic  requirement  for instruction. If effective lesson plans are prepared for each presentation or lesson, the students will find  it  easier  to  understand  and  remember  the material that is being presented. The  lesson  plan  is  an  organized  outline  of  a single  topic  taken  from  the  course  of  study  and developed   in   detail, showing   the   specific knowledge  and/or  skills  to  be  taught  by  the  RE instructor during one particular session. The lesson plan is an indispensable guide for the  RE  instructor  in  that  it  tells  the  instructor what to do, in what order to do it, and the pro- cedure   to   follow   in   teaching   the   material.   A lesson   plan   prevents   teaching   from   becoming haphazard, as might otherwise be the case if the instructor  depends  upon  memory  for  all  the items  to  be  taught  and  the  proper  sequence  of such  items.  A  variety  of  forms  may  be  used  to prepare  a  lesson  plan.  Regardless  of  the  form used, however, there are several definite compo- nent  parts  which  must  always  be  included  in  a lesson plan: Title:  The  title  should  briefly  convey  the subject matter which is to be presented. 7-3