by evidence of (1) the range of items carried, (2) the volume of supplies issued, and (3) the size of the inventory. This is also a good example of the use  of  comparison  (Navy  supply  system  catalog compared to a commercial mail-order catalog) to help   the   reader   visualize   the   facts   offered. Emphasis  is  heightened  in  paragraph  three  by  the contrast  presented  in  parallel  structures.  The  final paragraph sums up the information presented in the  preceding  paragraphs  and  states  the  con- clusion  drawn  from  the  evidence. Time-honored  rules  of  rhetoric  have  estab- lished that for emphasis, an item should stand first or last. This has been regarded as true whether one  is  speaking  of  the  sentence,  the  paragraph, or the piece of writing as a whole. When we think of  ORDER  FOR  EMPHASIS,  we  have  this principle in mind. Whether the items placed first and last are remembered longer is open to some question, but either position certainly gives them emphasis at the moment. Which of the two posi- tions  offers  the  greater  emphasis  depends  upon the individual situation. The important thing for the  writer  to  remember  is  that  position  is  a  device for  gaining  emphasis. STANDARD  NAVAL  LETTERS Information regarding the format, typing, and mailing procedures for the standard naval letter, joint  letter,  multiple-address  letter,  speedletter, and memoranda can be found in the  Department of   the   Navy   Correspondence   Manual,   SEC- NAVINST  5216.5C,  and  chapter  5  of  RP  3  &2, module   3,   Administration,   N A V E D T R A 287-03-45-83. PASTORAL  CORRESPONDENCE Pastoral   correspondence   stems   from   the chaplain’s pastoral relationship with personnel of the   command,   their   dependents,   or   civilians. These  letters  may  be  regarded  as  a  written  exten- sion  of  the  oral  communication  that  takes  place between a minister, priest, or rabbi and those who seek  to  worship.  Such  correspondence  is  addressed frequently   to   naval   personnel,   their   families, civilian  clergy,  and  community  social  agencies. Business form is used, and the correspondence is signed   with   the   chaplain’s   own   name.   The signature  should  be  followed  appropriately  by  the identification,  “Chaplain,  U.S.  Navy,”  rank,  and corps   designation.   Pastoral   correspondence   is usually private in nature. Care should be taken by all office personnel to safeguard this privacy. See figure 3-4. PROFESSIONAL  CORRESPONDENCE Professional  correspondence  takes  place between chaplains and relates to matters within their  Chaplain  Corps.  Business  form  may  be  used. When   professional   correspondence   is   ad- dressed  to  the  Chief  of  Chaplains,  the  appropriate staff  chaplain  normally  receives  a  copy  of  the letter. See figure 3-5. MESSAGES While  the  letter  is  the  form  of  written communication most widely used throughout the world, the message is used more extensively within the  military  organization.  Communications  equip- ment  can  be  used  to  electronically  transmit messages  to  or  from  virtually  any  location.  A naval message is used only when information is of  an  urgent  nature  and  must  be  transmitted rapidly.  A  message  should  not  be  used  if  the necessary information or directive can be sent by some other means, such as letter mail, and still reach its destination in time for proper action to be  taken. General  Style Naval  messages  are  prepared  by  following communication  instructions  issued  by  the  Chief of  Naval  Operations.  Details  on  the  drafting  of messages, forms   used,   and   the   handling   of messages  are  furnished  by  local  communication activities. Message  drafters  must  include  the  word admin in the Message Handling Instructions block of  the  DD  Form  173.  This  will  indicate  the administrative nature of the message. Nearly all message  traffic  handled  internally  by  the  office of the chaplain will be administrative in nature, except perhaps for messages dealing with serious injury   or   death.    The  main  reason  for  the categorizing  of  messages  as  either  ADMIN  or OPERATIONAL is to channel the traffic through the fleet broadcast so that operational traffic will usually  take  precedence.  As  previously  mentioned, administrative traffic dealing with serious injury or death will usually be transmitted without delay. 3-14