Megger Safety Precautions

1-39 The guard ring intercepts leakage current. Any leakage currents intercepted are shunted to the negative side of the generator. They do not flow through coil a; therefore, they do not affect the meter reading. If the test leads are open-circuited, no current flows in coil a. However, current flows internally through coil b, and deflects the pointer to infinity, which indicates a resistance too large to measure. When a resistance such as R_x is connected between the test leads, current also flows in coil a, tending to move the pointer clockwise. At the same time, coil b still tends to move the pointer counterclockwise. Therefore, the moving element, composed of both coils and the pointer, comes to rest in a position at which the two forces are balanced. This position depends upon the value of the external resistance, which controls the relative amount of current in coil a. Because changes in voltage affect both coil a and coil b in the same proportion, the position of the moving system is independent of the voltage. If the test leads are short-circuited, the pointer rests at zero because the current in coil a is relatively large. The instrument is not damaged under these circumstances because the current is limited by R₃. The external view of one type of megger is shown in figure 1-36(B). Navy meggers are usually rated at 500 volts. To avoid excessive test voltages, most meggers are equipped with friction clutches. When the generator is cranked faster than its rated speed, the clutch slips and the generator speed and output voltage are not permitted to exceed their rated values. When extremely high resistances-for example, 10,000 megohms or more-are to be measured, a high voltage is needed to cause sufficient current flow to actuate the meter movement. For extended ranges, a 1,000-volt generator is available. When a megger is used, the generator voltage is present on the test leads. This voltage could be hazardous to you or to the equipment you are checking. Therefore, NEVER TOUCH THE TEST LEADS WHILE THE MEGGER IS BEING USED and isolate the item you are checking from the equipment before using the megger. Using the Megger To use a megger to check wiring insulation, connect one test lead to the insulation and the other test lead to the conductor, after isolating the wiring from the equipment. Turn the hand crank until the slip clutch just begins to slip and note the meter reading. Normal insulations should read infinity. Any small resistance reading indicates the insulation is breaking down. Megger Safety Precautions When you use a megger, you could be injured or damage equipment you are working on if the following MINIMUM safety precautions are not observed. � Use meggers on high-resistance measurements only (such as insulation measurements or to check two separate conductors on a cable). � Never touch the test leads while the handle is being cranked. � Deenergize and discharge the circuit completely before connecting a megger. � Disconnect the item being checked from other circuitry, if possible, before using a megger. Q49. What is the primary use of a megger?