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Page Title: SYMBOL GENERATION
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SUMMARY-BASIC DISPLAY DEVICES AND SYSTEMS
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Fire Controlman Volume 05-Display Systems and Devices
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Chapter 2 - Personal Computer Video Displays and Input Devices

two  major  types  of  deflection  systems  used  to  move the   electron   beam   around   the   face   of   the   CRT. Electromagnetic  deflection  systems  use  a  series  of coils  mounted  on  a  yoke  to  generate  a  magnetic  field. The  strength  and  polarity  of  the  magnetic  field  cause the   beam   to   deflect.   Electrostatic   deflection   systems use  four  deflection  plates  mounted  inside  the  CRT  to move  the  beam.  A  voltage  is  applied  to  each  plate. The  polarity  and  strength  of  the  voltage  determine  the amount  and  direction  the  beam  is  moved. CRT   SCANNING–   CRT   scanning   moves   the electron  beam  around  the  face  of  the  CRT  to  create the  display.  The  two  methods  of  CRT  scanning  are raster  scanning  and  vector  scanning. RASTER SCANNING—  Raster scanning develops the  display  by  painting  a  series  of  lines  across  the CRT.  There  are  two  types  of  raster  scan:  interlaced scan   and   noninterlaced   scan.   Interlaced   scan   uses   a method  of  painting  all  the  even  lines  of  a  frame  from top  to  bottom,  then  returning  to  the  top  of  the  CRT and  painting  the  odd  frames.  It  is  used  in  television and  low  resolution  digital  monitors.  Noninterlaced scan  paints  each  frame  as  a  series  of  consecutive horizontal  lines  and  is  used  with  most  digital monitors.  Noninterlaced  scan  is  used  to  increase  the resolution  of  the  display. VECTOR   SCANNING–   Vector  scan  CRTs  have the  ability  to  move  the  electron  beam  to  any  desired point  on  the  CRT  at  any  time.  They  are  used  in oscilloscopes   and   many   radar   display   consoles.   The electron   beam   is   moved   to   the   desired   location   by using  an  X/Y  coordinate  system  that  defines  the  exact location  of  the  beam. COLOR  CATHODE-RAY  TUBES–  The   color CRT   works   in   a   very   similar   manner   to   the monochrome   CRT.   The   major   difference   is   that   the color   CRT   has   three   electron   beams   that   are synchronized  to  strike  dyed  phosphor  dots  on  the  face of  the  CRT.  These  dots  are  red,  blue,  and  green,  the primary  colors  of  light. DISPLAYING  RADAR  SWEEP,  VIDEO,  AND SYMBOLS–  The   AN/UYA-4(V)   data   display   group uses  vector  scan  CRTs  in  the  plan  position  indicator (PPI).   The   PPI   is   usually   under   the   control   of   the radar  sweep  logic  and  switches  to  symbol  display logic  when  a  message  is  received  from  the  computer. RADAR  SWEEP  AND  VIDEO–  Radar   sweep originates   in   the   center   of   the   CRT   and   travels outward  until  the  edge  of  the  CRT  or  the  end-of- sweep  signal  is  reached. The   radar   azimuth   is developed  by  DC  and DU  pulse  trains  developed  by  a piece   of   ancillary   equipment.   Video   returns   are displayed  as  intensified  sweep. SYMBOL  GENERATION–  Symbols  are  gener- ated  from  data  messages  outputted  by  the  computer. Two  methods  of  painting  symbols  are  used  in  the AN/UYA-4(V)  system:  the  analog  waveform  method and  the  digital  stroke  method.  The  analog  waveform method  uses  a  separate  piece  of  equipment  called  a symbol  generator.  The  symbol  generator  decodes  the computer   messages   and   generates   X,   Y,   and   Z waveforms  to  paint  the  proper  symbo1.  The  X  and  Y waveforms  are  applied  to  the  CRT  deflection  plates, while  the  Z  waveform  controls  the  unblinking  of  the electron   beam.   The   digital   stroke   method   stores   the symbol   in   ROMs   or   PROMS   as   digital   codes.   The digital  stroke  symbols  are  generated  by  each  console when   the   console   is   equipped   with   the   console internally  generated  and  refreshed  symbols  (CIGARS) modification  or  by  a  type  of  symbol  generator. DISPLAY   SYSTEMS–   The  Navy  currently  uses two   major   display   systems   in   the   fleet:   the   Data Display   Group   AN/UYA-4(V)   and   the   Computer Display   Set   AN/UYQ-21(V).   Both   systems   are designed  to  provide  a  real-time  display  of  the  tactical picture  using  ship’s  sensor  data  and  tactical  data  from the  CDS  computer. 1-15

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