Chapter 1- Fundamentals and Operations of Computers

CHAPTER 1 FUNDAMENTALS AND OPERATIONS OF COMPUTERS INTRODUCTION The computer is the heart and soul of any data system. It can be packaged in many sizes and configurations. It may be a general- or special-purpose type. It may handle analog or digital data, or both. It may be refereed to as a mainframe, minicomputer, or microcomputer. Regardless of what it is called or how it is configured, it will share certain common fundamental concepts and principles with all other computers. All computers gather, process, store, disseminate, and display data and information. Each computer is housed in a frame or cabinet. Each has a central processing unit (CPU), memory, input/output (I/O) section, and a power supply. How these are assembled in each computer will vary from unit to unit. How much computing power a computer has is defined by the technology it uses and NOT by its physical size. A more powerd computer means greater speed, greater capacity and capability to store information, and a greater facility to accommodate additional peripheral (external) equipment. Our objective is to teach you the basic fundamentals and concepts of a computer, no matter what type you maintain. After completing this chapter, you should be able to: Describe the functions and purposes of a computer Differentiate between computer types based on their hardware characteristics Recognize the uses of computers and their functional operation Describe the types of computers used with tactical, tactical support, and non tactical programs Differentiate between full capability, reduced capability, and battle short mode in terms of computer operation and performance Compare the operational modes of computers including modes used in operation and maintenance Describe the security requirements associated with computers Before you begin study of how a computer operates, let’s take a look at the fundamentals and operations of computers in general. These include their functions, the different types of computers, and their functional operation. Also included are their operational uses, configurations/setups, and modes of operation. 1-1