established (e.g., a newly installed weapons system, the addition of a handling and/or storage capability, or a  newly  commissioned  ship).  In  most  cases, experienced  supervisory-level  personnel  will  be qualified for certification. After careful review by the department  head  (or  equivalent  supervisor)  of  all available  information  relating  to  the  individual’s qualifications  for  the  job  to  be  performed,  and  a personal interview, a recommendation for certification will be made to the commanding officer or officer in charge. Final certification will then be at the discretion of the commanding officer or officer in charge. When a full  qualification  and  certification  board  is  formed later, certification procedures will be conducted for the remaining junior personnel. PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION Personnel  working  with  explosives  must  be qualified  as  team  members,  as  individual  or  team leaders,  as  instructors,  as  safety  observers,  or  as  a quality  assurance  inspector.  Because  of  numerous weapons, launching devices, and weapon fuzing and loading  configurations,  explosive  devices  are segregated into representative family types. You must qualify  and  be  certified  only  for  applicable  family types and operational situations. Table 5-1 shows the qualification levels and standards for certification. Generally, only inert ordnance is used for drill or training purposes. If a training device is not available or if an explosive device for which training is required has no inert model, a closely related family-type inert device must be used for training. Training aids such as mockups,  pictures,  manuals,  exploded  views,  and films may also be used effectively. When the use of either  a  family-type  device  or  training  aids  is  not considered to be an effective alternative for hands-on training with a non-inert device, and all safety factors have been carefully weighed, the type commander may authorize  hands-on  training  with  explosive  devices, but only under qualified supervision. To  become  qualified,  you  must  demonstrate proficiency  before  a  certified  member  of  the certification  board  for  each  evolution  you  will perform.  You  will  be  required  to  demonstrate  a competent  use  of  applicable  documentation  and  a knowledge  of  ordnance  safety  precautions  and procedures to the extent required for ensuring that you will comply with sound handling practices and safety instructions. You  must  have  a  working  knowledge  of  all  the types  of  explosive  devices  with  which  you  may  be required  to  work.  Accordingly,  you  must  become qualified and certified for each separate operation and each explosive device not in the same family type. Another  important  requirement  you  must  meet before  becoming  certified  is  to  complete  any appropriate Personnel Qualification Standards (PQS). For  example,  before  you  are  allowed  to  handle projectiles  aboard  a  frigate,  you  must  complete  the PQS for Non-Nuclear Explosive Handling. In addition to  these,  your  command  may  have  locally  prepared qualification sheets that you must complete. CERTIFICATION When  you  are  qualified  and  recommended  for certification, you will be issued final certification by the commanding officer, the officer in charge, or the designated  head  of  the  certification  board.  An appropriate entry will be made in your training record and  service  record.  Next,  let’s  find  out  who  must qualify and certify for what positions of responsibility. The  following  personnel  require  individual qualification and certification: 1.  Personnel  whose  duties  require  that  they individually  handle,  inspect,  package,  unpack, assemble,  disassemble,  test,  fuze,  load  or  download, stow,  arm  or  de-arm  explosives  or  explosive  devices must be qualified and certified for such tasks. Personnel assigned as safety observers for explosive operations, and those who inspect explosive operations for quality assurance purposes must also be qualified and certified. Supervisors of explosive operations and members of the command-appointed certification boards must also be individually certified for the evolutions that they may supervise  or  observe  for  qualification  purposes.  The only exception to this provision is that supervisors of explosives  handling  teams  involved  in  handling explosives/hazardous  materials  with  power-operated handling equipment need not themselves be qualified as operators.  They  must,  however,  be  certified  as  team leaders for the explosive operations being conducted. 2.   All  operators  of  power-operated  handling equipment  (hoists,  winches,  cranes,  forklifts,  and  so forth)  used  in  transporting,  loading,  or  handling ammunition, explosives, and other hazardous materials must be both certified and licensed as ground support equipment  and/or  materials  handling  equipment operators. Civilian personnel who operate these types of 5-5