this question, you have begun to think in terms of pre- venting  the  problem  from  reoccurring,  if  possible. You should give considerable time and discussion to  this  phase.  To  be  a  good  leader,  you  must  develop insight  to  determine  the  basic  causes  of  problems. Good  thinking  in  this  area  can  help  the  organization to function smoothly. The goal is to prevent problems from  occurring,  rather  that  solving  them  after  they occur.  Remember,  if  you  don’t  make  a  concerted  ef- fort to prevent problems, you will have to make a con- certed  effort  to  solve  them. DISCIPLINE Good  human  relations  between  supervisors  and their work force are easy to spot. The upbeat, enthusi- astic atmosphere in the work center indicates that su- pervisors appreciate and understand the workers; they have their workers’ interests and welfare at heart, and they  respect  their  workers’  opinions,  knowledge,  and skills. Human relations factors that lead to positive dis- cipline include understanding  and  practicing  the  principles, standards, rules, and regulations necessary to good   conduct; knowing  their  personnel  as  individuals  and treating them fairly and impartially; never  making  issues  of  minor  infractions  or personal issues of disciplinary matters; displaying  confidence  in  the  group,  rather than  suspicion  of  it  (workers  are  reluctant  to betray  expressed  confidence); training the group technically; looking after the mental and physical welfare of  the  group; trying  to  avoid  errors,  but  showing  willing- ness to admit errors when they are made; developing  loyalty  in  the  group  and  of  the group;  and knowing  that  because  of  individual  differ- ences,  discipline  cannot  be  a  completely  rou- tine  matter. Some  of  the  principal  causes  of  misconduct  are discontent, idleness, lack of interest in the job, misun- derstanding of regulations, resentment, and emotional strain.  The  wise  supervisor  avoids  the  necessity  for formal   discipline   by   removing   as   many   of   these causes as possible. One  of  the  major  problems  you  may  encounter  as a  supervisor  is  maintaining  discipline  in  your  crew. Discipline  can  be  both  positive  and  negative,  and  in- cludes  giving  orders  and  reprimanding  subordinates for  misconduct. developing  the  feeling  of  belonging  and  secu- rity within the group; Determining Positive and Negative Discipline getting  information  to  the  group  through proper channels and promptly eliminating ru- mors; using authority sparingly and always without displaying it; delegating   authority   to   the   lowest   echelon possible; Discipline can be both positive and negative. It is much  more  than  reprisal  for  wrongdoing.  Actually,  it may   also   exist   where   no   disciplinary   actions   ever have to be taken. Most people realize they cannot get along without self-discipline and that no organization can function and no progress can be made unless in- dividuals conform to what is best for the whole group. The  supervisor  who  can  build  the  spirit  of  coopera- 3-12