The SMD is developed in six phases: (1) data col- lection, (2) workload standards development or valida- tion, (3) preliminary statement of required billets, (4) fleet  review,  (5)  publication  of  final  billets,  and  (6) implementation. The NMRS provides automated data- processing  support  for  each  of  these  phases. If a ship is modernized during its service life (such as  updating  or  adding  equipment  or  systems),  the SMD  provides  a  means  for  determining  manpower requirements for the modified systems or mission. The NMRS can generate an SMD to identify billets needed to  operate  and  maintain  new  weapons,  equipments, and  systems  far  enough  in  advance  of  fleet  introduc- tion to provide trained personnel both when and where they  are  needed. In   addition,   the   shipboard   managers–from   the commanding  officer  to  the  leading  petty  officers-may use  the  SMD  as  an  effective  source  document.  Since it  has  detailed  watch  station  requirements,  the  SMD can serve as the basis for establishing a battle organ- ization  and  a  watch  bill  for readiness.  The  SMD  presents quirements summary in seven Manpower  Authorization specific   conditions   of the  basic  manning  re- sections. See table 2-1. Even though you will probably not be directly in- volved  with  manpower  authorization  (MPA)  changes, you  should  have  some  knowledge  of  manpower  au- thorization.  The  SMD  is  the  basis  for  the  Manpower Authorization   (MPA)   (OPNAV   1000/2). The  proper  classification  of  authorized  billets  is extremely  important  in  defining  the  Navy’s  overall manpower   requirements.   The   numbers   of   billets throughout  the  Navy  are  summarized  by  the  various classification   categories.   These   figures   provide   the basis for recruiting, training, and promoting Navy per- sonnel. The  Navy  must  produce  the  maximum  combat readiness with the dollar resources available. For this reason,  and  because  of  the  high  cost  of  manpower, each  billet  requirement  must  be  stated  at  the  minimum skill  and  experience  levels  necessary  for  satisfactory performance   of   billet   functions. Billet  reviews  are  conducted  periodically  at  the CNO level. In those reviews, decisions are made based on the existing classification of each billet as indicated on  the  MPA.  Improperly  classified  billets  become  the lowest  priority  billets  in  the  category  in  which  they are  classified.  Consequently,  if  the  objective  is  to  de- lete or redistribute billets, improperly classified billets are  prime  candidates  for  deletion  or  reprogramming, The manpower requirements and manpower classi- fications  within  each  Navy  activity  are  specifically reviewed  at  the  activity  level  annually  to  ensure  the deletion  of  unnecessary  billets  or  positions  and  the proper classification of each authorized billet or posi- tion. If  changes  are  required,  a  Manpower  Authorization Change  Request  (MACR)  (OPNAV  1000/4A)  is  sub- mitted.  If  changes  to  the  designator  rating,  grade,  or number  of  billets  and/or  positions  are  requested,  the requests  must  be  justified  in  terms  of  changes  in mission,  function,  and/or  task,  as  contained  in  the ROC  or  shore  required  operational  capability  (SHO- ROC)  statements.  If  a  billet  is  currently  classified improperly,  the  misclassification  must  be  explained. MACRs  are  normally  submitted  annually.  More- frequent  requests  must  be  justified  on  the  basis  of changes  in  mission  or  functions  beyond  the  control of  the  activity.  Valid  requirements  for  billet  changes that will require the movement of personnel must be identified and requested as early as feasible to permit orderly  personnel  management.  Normally,  it  requires 5  to  9  months  after  final  billet  approval  before  new or   changed   billets   can   be   filled   with   personnel. MACRs  that  involve  an  activity  reorganization  are planned  and  submitted  on  the  basis  of  the  existing number  of  billets. The  Billets  Authorized  (BA)  column  on  the  MPA (block 32) indicates the billets authorized by the CNO. The quantity assigned to each billet authorized on the MPA is normally the same as the corresponding billet in the SMD. SMD billet requirements, which are not included  in  the  BA  column  on  the  MPA,  are  entered on   the   MPA   as   Mobilization   Billets   (MBs),   the majority  of  which  will  be  reflected  in  the  Selected Reserve   (SR)   column   (block   39). 2-4