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Page Title: Spectrum Display
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Electronics Technician Volume 03-Communications Systems
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RECOGNIZING   LINK-11   NET   PROBLEMS

average  power  in  the  data  tones  to  the  average  power in   the   noise   tones.   If   the   SNR   value   is   preceded   by the  symbol  “>,”  it  indicates  that  the  average  power  in the  noise  tones  is  below  the  measurable  threshold  and the   actual   SNR   is   greater   than   the   value   indicated. The  maximum  value  that  the  LMS-11  can  measure  is about   34   dB.   An   SNR   that   is   greater   than   30   dB   is excellent.  If  the  SNR  is  less  than  10  dB,  the  data  is unusable. BER.  —This   is   the   bit   error   rate   per   thousand. The  incidence  of  bit  errors  increases  as  the  signal-to- noise   ratio   decreases. MISSED  CODES  PERCENTAGE.  —This  is  a percentage   of   each   type   of   code   that   is   missed.   The number   of   codes   (start,   stop,   and   address   call-ups) missed  and  received  is  tabulated  and  the  percentage  of each  type  missed  is  calculated. FRAMES.   —This   is   the   total   number   of   data frames   received,   including   the   phase   reference   and control   code   frames. CS.  —This   field   displays   the   carrier   suppression value  of  the  upper  and  lower  sidebands  as  a  ratio  of the  power  in  the  605-Hz  to  the  power  of  the  carrier frequency.  The  value  display  is  measured  in  dB. RFE/DS.   —The  radio  frequency  error  or  Doppler shift   of   the   received   signal   in   Hertz.   The   display   is color-coded  cyan  if  frequency  correction  was  disabled during   LMS-11   initialization. Spectrum   Display The  spectrum  display  graphically  shows  the  power levels  of  all  the  Link-11  tones  and  the  noise  tones  that are   the   odd   harmonics   of   55   Hertz.   The   spectrum display  screen  is  shown  in  figure  5-13.  The  x-axis  of the  bar  graph  is  numbered  from  1  to  30  to  represent  30 tones.   Tone   05   is   the   605-Hz   Doppler   tone.   Tones   8 through   21   and   tone   26   are   the   data   tones.   The remaining   tones   are   not   used   by   the   Link-11   system but  are  sampled  and  displayed  to  give  the  operator  an indication  of  the  noise  level. The  y-axis  of  the  bar  graph  displays  the  relative power  of  each  tone  in  dB.  The  highest  value  of  the scale  is  0  dB  and  decreases  to  -40  dB.  The  tone  with the  greatest  amount  of  power  is  set  to  0  dB  on  the scale.   This   should   be   the   605-Hz   tone.   The remaining  tones  are  measured  relative  to  the  tone  with the   greatest   power.   A   single   blue   line   is   drawn horizontally   across   the   screen   at   the   -6   dB   level. Ideally,  all  data  tones  should  extend  up  to  this  line. The  605-Hz  tone  and  the  data  tones  are  displayed by  solid  green  vertical  lines.  If  the  power  of  a  data tone  is  greater  than  -6  dB  with  respect  to  the  605-Hz tone,  the  area  above  the  -6  dB  line  is  indicated  by  an open  yellow  bar  on  top  of  the  green  bar.  If  the  power level  of  a  data  tone  is  below  the  -6  dB  threshold,  an open   yellow   bar   is   used   to   fill   in   the   remaining distance.  This  allows  the  operator  to  view  the  effects of   the   noise.   The   power   of   the   noise   tones   is   also indicated  by  open  yellow  bars. To  enter  the  spectrum  display,  depress  the  SPECT key  on  the  keyboard.  Several  options  are  available  to the  operator  by  entering  data  into  the  header  fields  of the  spectrum  display.  The  operator  may  designate  the address   of   the   NCS.   The   default   address   is   77.   The operator   can   also   select   a   particular   sideband   (USB, LSB,   or   DIV)   for   display.   By   using   the   RESTRICT field,  the  operator  can  restrict  the  display  to  only  data frames   or   only   preamble   frames,   or   choose   no restrictions.   The   PU   field   allows   the   operator   to designate  a  particular  PU  for  display.  If  00  is  entered into  the  PU  field,  then  the  data  display  is  continuously updated  with  samples  from  the  entire  net. Carrier  Suppression  Display The   carrier   suppression   display   measures   how successfully   the   carrier   frequency   is   suppressed.   The carrier   suppression   measurements   can   only   be   made during  Net  Sync.  To  measure  the  carrier  suppression, the  radio  must  be  off-tuned  by  -500  Hz  for  the  upper sideband   and   +500   Hz   for   the   lower   sideband.   This off-tuning   allows   the   program   to   measure   and compare   the   relative   power   of   the   carrier   frequency and  the  605-Hz  tone  of  the  preamble. 5-17

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