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Figure 5-12.—The LMS-11 PU Display mode.
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Electronics Technician Volume 03-Communications Systems
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Spectrum   Display

of   the   reporting   unit.   Note   that   this   measure   of   net cycle  time  is  different  from  that  used  in  other  NCT calculations. PU  Display The  PU  display  shows  detailed  information  about the   signal   received   from   the   specified   PU.   The   PU display  can  operate  in  broadcast,  short  broadcast,  and Roll   Call   modes.   In   Broadcast   and   Short   Broadcast, the  display  is  updated  after  every  transmission.  In Roll  Call  mode,  the  display  is  updated  after  the specified  number  of  net  cycles  or  200  transmissions, whichever  occurs  first.  When  the  net  cycles  are  set  to zero,   the   display   updates   immediately   after   the designated   PU   has   transmitted.   The   PU   display   is shown  in  figure  5-12. The  PU  display  is  activated  when  the  operator presses  the  PU  function  key  on  the  keyboard.  The information  in  the  PU  display  is  presented  in  two  bar graphs   with   additional   amplifying   information   just under  the  bar  graphs.  In  the  PU  display  header,  the operator   enters   the   address   of   NCS   (or   77),   the address  of  the  unit  to  be  evaluated,  the  sideband  to  be evaluated   (USB,   LSB,   or   DIV),   and   the   number   of cycles   to   summarize   for   the   display.   The   following paragraphs   describe   the   information   presented   in   the PU   display. RELATIVE   POWER   (dB).   —This   bar   graph displays   the   relative   power   in   each   of   the   Link-11 tones.  The  relative  power  is  calculated  with  respect  to the   average   of   the   data   tones.   The   expected   values should  be  +6  dB  for  the  605-Hz  tone  (tone  5)  and  0 dB   for   the   data   tones.   The   TADIL   A   specifications allow   for   a   difference   of   1.5   dB   between   the maximum   and   minimum   power   levels   of   the   data tones.  A  noisy  signal  may  cause  the  power  levels  of the   data   tones   to   deviate   considerably   from   the standard.  The  bar  graph  for  relative  power  is  also color  coded.  When  the  relative  power  of  a  data  tone is  ±1  dB,  the  bar  is  green.  If  the  power  level  is  in  the range  of  +1  to  +2  dB  or  –1  to  –2  dB,  the  bar  will  be yellow.  The  bar  is  red  if  the  power  level  is  greater than  +2  dB  or  less  than  -2  dB.  The  length  of  the  bars plotted  on  the  graph  is  rounded  off  to  the  nearest  1/2 dB. PHASE   ERROR   (DEGREES).   —The   phase error  (degrees)  bar  graph  shows  the  mean  and  the standard  deviation  of  the  Link-11  tones.  The  standard deviation  of  a  tone  is  plotted  by  a  color  bar  on  the graph.   The   size   of   the   color   bars   is   plotted   to   the nearest   whole   degree   of   deviation.   The   mean deviation   of   the   tone   is   indicated   by   a   small   white line,   usually   in   the   center   of   the   standard   deviation color  bar.  The  mean  phase  error  should  fall  between +45  degrees  and  -45  degrees.  If  the  data  is  bad,  the mean   phase   error   is   set   to   -45   degrees   and   the standard   deviation   is   set   to   90   degrees.   This   causes the   bar   to   be   drawn   across   both   quadrants   of   the graph. The  standard  deviation  is  represented  by  a  color- coded  bar  for  each  tone.  A  green  bar  is  displayed  if the   standard   deviation   is   within   10   degrees. Deviations  between  10  degrees  and  20  degrees  are represented   by   a   yellow   bar,   and   deviations   greater than  20  degrees  are  red.  The  standard  deviation  must be  a  positive  value  that  is  less  than  45  degrees.  If  the standard  deviation  is  out  of  range  for  a  given  tone,  the data   is   bad.   This   condition   is   indicated   by   the LMS-11  by  setting  the  mean  deviation  to  45  degrees and  the  standard  deviation  to  90  degrees.  As  with  the mean  deviation  phase  error,  this  causes  the  bar  to  be painted  in  both  quadrants  of  the  graph. Some   causes   of   phase   errors   are   noise, simultaneous   transmissions,   poor   framing,   and   errors in  Doppler  correction  due  to  noise  on  the  preamble. For   example,   a   picket   unit   transmitting   Net   Sync during   Roll   Call   will   cause   an   error   condition.   The expected  value  of  the  mean  deviation  is  0  degrees with  a  standard  deviation  of  ±5  degrees.  If  only  one tone  has  a  mean  value  that  is  greatly  different  from  the other   tones,   it   may   be   an   indication   of   a   frequency error  on  that  tone. SIGNAL  POWER.   —The  signal  power  is  part  of the  amplifying  information  under  the  two  bar  graphs. The  signal  power  is  the  total  signal  strength  in  the  16 tones.  It  is  measured  in  dBm.  If  no  signal  is  received, the  default  value  of  -51  dBm  is  listed. SNR.  —This   is   the   signal-to-noise   ratio.   It   is measured  in  dB  and  calculated  as  the  ratio  of  the 5-16

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