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HP Turbine Blade Damage
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HP   Turbine
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Gas Turbine Systems Supervisor - Supervisor manual for Gas Turbine Engines
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Figure 2-26.—HP turbine blade flaking and buildup.

relative   to   separation   of   gill   hole   rows   and radially  by  gill  or  cooling  holes. Craze   cracking. These  cracks  are  superficial surface   cracks,   caused   by   high   temperature. They   are   random   lines   that   are   very   thin   in appearance  with  tight  lines  (no  depth  or  width  to the  cracks). There   is   no   limit   against   this condition. Nicks,   scores,   scratches,   or   dents.   These   defects are  allowed  by  the  service  limit  and  may  “be present  on  any  area  of  the  nozzle  vanes. Cracks  in  the  airfoil  fillet  at  the  platform.  There is  no  limit  restricting  these  cracks,  except  at  the leading   edge   area. Metal   splatter.   Aluminum   and   combustor   liner metal,   when   liberated   by   the   compressor   or combustor,  frequently  splatter  the  surface  areas of  the  stage  1  HP  turbine  nozzle  vanes.  There  is no  limit  for  these  deposits;  however,  abnormal amounts  of  this  splatter  is  reason  to  inspect  the compressor. Platforms.—   Cracking  in  the  HP  turbine  nozzle stage  1  platforms  is  difficult  to  see  from  the  combustor borescope  ports.  When  this  area  is  viewed  through  port No.   12,   extreme   magnification   is   afforded   even   with probe  No.  2.  This  is  due  to  the  closeness  of  the  surface to  the  distal  end  of  the  probe.  Record  the  origin  and  end of  the  cracking  and  assess  the  magnitude  using  trailing edge   slots   and   gill   hole   rows   for   radial   and   axial dimensions. Nicks,  scores,  scratches,  and  dents  on  platform surfaces  are  again  masked  from  the  combustor  ports, except  for  the  forward  areas.  Viewed  via  port  No.  12, the   area   is   magnified.   Record   the   magnitude   of   the defect  using  the  geometry  of  the  trailing  edge,  gill  hole rows,   and   gill   hole   separation   for   comparative dimensions. You  must  record  burns  on  vane  platform  areas  and use   probe   No.   1   to   assess   the   conditions.   If   a burn-through  occurs,  the  inner  and  outer  surface  edge  of the   platform   should   be   seen.   This   difficult   assessment can   be   done   with   the   aid   of   a   fiberscope.   Any incomplete  or  doubtful  evaluation  should  be  the  subject of   a   followup   check   after   a   specified   amount   of operating   time. HP   TURBINE   BLADE   DAMAGE.—  W h e n inspecting  the  HP  turbine  blades,  you  should  use  probe No.  2  with  the  150-watt  light  source.  The  following paragraphs  describe  some  of  the  damage  you  may  find. Cracks  in  the  Leading  Edge.—  The   leading   edge of  the  stage  1  turbine  rotor  blades  is  the  area  forward  of the  gill  holes.  Cracks  in  the  leading  edge  can  be  caused by  DOD  impact  (combustion  liner  pieces)  or  thermal stress.  An  indication  on  the  leading  edge  open  enough to  show  depth  is  defined  as  a  crack.  Some  conditions may  mislead  you  in  the  determination  of  the  presence  of cracks.  Dirt  and  debris  buildup  inlayers  on  the  leading edge,  as  shown  in  figure  2-26,  are  not  cracks.  When  this buildup  begins  to  flake  off,  the  edge  of  the  area  where the  flake  came  off  causes  visible  lines.  These  lines  are irregular   and   appear   to   be   cracks.   The   other   common point   of   cofusion   on   leading   edge   cracks   is   on   the convex  side  of  the  leading  edge  tip  area.  This  area  is subject  to  “scratching”  by  the  small  pieces  of  combustor metal  that  pass  through  the  HP  turbine. Cracks  in  the  Trailing  Edge.—  The  trailing  edge  is the  flat  surface  with  cooling  holes  that  forms  the  after edge  of  the  blade  airfoil.  Trailing  edge  cracks  are difficult  to  see,  but  if  a  crack  is  suspected,  use  probe  No. 1   for   increased   magnification.   Record   the   location relative  to  a  cooling  hole  and  the  magnitude  of  the  crack. Record  any  plugged  trailing  edge  cooling  holes. Cracks  in  Concave  and  Convex  Surfaces.—  The airfoil  surfaces  are  the  areas  aft  of  the  gill  holes  back  to the  trailing  edge.  The  tip  area  is  further  restricted  to  that area   above   the   tip   cap.   When   you   evaluate   the   airfoil serviceability,  do  not  consider  the  tip  as  a  part  of  that area.   Cracks   in   the   airfoil   surfaces   are   very   tight,   but can   readily   be   seen   with   probe   No.   2.   Airfoil   surface cracks   are   irregular   in   edge   appearance   and   are   not usually  confined  with  streaks,  which  are  usually  straight in  appearance.  Record  the  area  by  the  percent  of  span or   gill   hole   spacing   equivalent   for   location   and magnitude   of   the   cracking.   For   axial   position,   use   an estimate  of  percent  chord  and  the  position  relative  to  the tip  cooling  film  cooling  holes. Cooling   Hole   Blockage.—   The  HP  turbine  rotor stage  1  blades  are  film  cooled  by  air  that  flows  out  of the  cooling  holes.  Report  plugged  holes  relative  to  the number  of  blades  affected  and  the  position  and  number of  plugged  holes.  Ensure  the  correct  callout  of  the  holes (such  as  the  nose  cooling,  convex  gill,  tip  film  cooling holes,  and  so  forth.) Distortion. —  Heavy  impact  damage  to  the  leading edge  of  the  blade  usually  results  in  distortion.  When  the impact  is  severe  enough,  cracking  and/or  tearing  of  the leading   edge,   adjacent   to   the   impact   area,   occurs. 2-21

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