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Figure  2-25.—Inner/outer  liner  burns  and  missing  metal.
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Gas Turbine Systems Supervisor - Supervisor manual for Gas Turbine Engines
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HP Turbine Blade Damage

Distortion. —  Distortion  or  bowing  of  the  liner assemblies  is  extremely  difficult  to  assess  when  viewed through   the   borescope. If  an  axial  streak  (gutter)  is observed   to   be   out   of   contour,   estimate   the   relative distortion  in  terms  of  dimples  spanned  or  in  relation  to the   diameter   of   the   dilution   holes.   If   the   distortion   is present  at  the  No.  1  band,  estimate  the  contour  change at  the  dome  band  relative  to  the  panel. HP   Turbine Inspect  the  HP  turbine  for  eroded  or  burned  areas, cracks   or   tears,   nicks   or   dents,   and   missing   blades. Knifing  (erosion  resulting  in  sharp  edges)  can  occur  on first-stage  blades.  The  severity  will  vary  according  to the  cleanliness  of  the  turbine  inlet  air.  Check  for  pitting on   the   leading   edge   near   the   root   of   the   second-stage blading. Cracking  of  the  first-stage  nozzle  guide  vanes  is  not very  common,  but  photograph  and  report  any  suspected cracks.   First-stage   vane   surfaces   at   the   juncture   of   the inner  and  outer  platforms  have  a  tendency  to  corrode  or erode.  It  would  not  be  unusual  for  you  to  find  several small  penetrations  in  a  vane  platform  during  its  service life.  Most  of  these  penetrations  remain  small  and  are not   usually   severe   enough   to   warrant   engine replacement. Record   any   such   penetrations   and regularly   inspect   them   for   any   changes   in   size   or quantity. Vane  HP  (concave)  surfaces  will  show  gradual erosion   with   time,   and   the   trailing   edge   slots   will become   elongated. When   this   degradation   reaches maximum  service  limits,  as  noted  on  the  PMS  card  or in  the  manufacturer’s  technical  manual,  the  engine  must be   replaced. HP   turbine   second-stage   blades   have   a   service   life that  is  dependent  upon  operating  conditions.  Cracks  are the   major   inspection   criteria   listed.   You   should document  and  report  any  confirmed  cracks.  The  most common   form   of   degradation   is   deposit   buildup   and erosion;  this  is  not  usually  as  severe  as  on  the  first-stage blades.  The  most  serious  form  of  damage  that  you  may find  in  this  area  is  pitting  in  the  root  area,  which  you must  document  and  report.  For  reference  to  the  parts nomenclature  used  in  this  section,  refer  to  figure  2-11, sections  D  and  E. HP   TURBINE   NOZZLE   DAMAGE.—  T h e first-stage   turbine   nozzle   vanes   are   inspected simultaneously   with   the   combustor   and   fuel   nozzles. The  following  paragraphs  describe  the  common  damage you  may  find  during  the  borescope  inspections. Discoloration.— Normal  aging  of  the  HP  turbine nozzle  stage  1  vanes  will  result  in  coloration  changes  as operating  time  is  accrued.  There  is  no  limit  relative  to discoloration   of   HP   turbine   nozzle   vanes. Oxidation   and/or   burning   of   the   vane   areas   is accompanied   by   dark   areas   silhouetting   the   initial distress.   Cracks   are   shrouded   in   dark   patches   adjacent to   the   defect.   Usually   the   distress   starts   as   a   crack, followed   by   oxidation   of   the   shroud   adjacent   to   the crack  Impact  damage  usually  shows  as  a  dark  spot  on the   leading   edge. Leading  Edge  Damage.—  This  type  of  damage  can be  found  between  the  forward  gill  holes  on  the  concave and  convex  side  of  the  leading  edge. Axial   cracks   form   around   the   leading   edge. Estimate  the  percent  of  span  of  the  leading  edge or  span  relative  to  the  nose  cooling  hole  rows  to determine   the   crack   length. Burns  and  spalling  on  the  leading  edge  should  not be   construed   as   coloration   only,   but   must   have actual  metal  oxidized  (surface  metal  loss),  but  no holes  through  the  leading  edge.  Estimate  the  area boundaries   by   the   nose   cooling   holes   spanned both  radially  (up  and  down  the  leading  edge)  and axially   (around   or   across   the   leading   edge). Record  the  number  of  vanes  affected. Blocked  cooling  air  passages  on  the  leading  edge is   another   type   of   damage.   If   multiple   hole blockage  is  observed,  record  the  separation  of  the open   cooling   holes   and   the   number   of   adjacent plugged   holes. Airfoil   Concave   Surface.—   Radial   cracks   run spanwise  in  the  vane  airfoil  surface  (up  and  down  the vane).  Record  the  relative  chord  position  of  the  cracks. Record  the  relation  of  axial  cracking  versus  radial cracking,   such   as   axial   and   radial   cracks   that   intersect or  join  at  the  second  row  of  gill  holes.  The  intent  of  the service   limits   are   to   preclude   the   liberation   (break-out) of   pressure   facepieces. Other   Airfoil   Area   Defects.—  The   following paragraphs   describe   other   airfoil   area   defects   that   you may  find  during  the  inspections. Burns   and   cracks   on   concave   and   convex   sides (charred).   Record   the   area   and   length,   estimate the  length  relative  to  the  leading  edge  area  (gill hole  to  gill  hole  and  spanwise  by  span  of  cooling or   gill   holes). Estimate   the   surface   damage 2-20

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