Chapter 1 Engine Systems

• Figure  1-3.—Piston  to  crankshaft  relationship.
• Engine Cycle
• Four-Stroke Cycle Diesel Engine
• Figure 1-7.—Diesel and gasoline engines compression strokes.
• Figure 1-8.-Diesel and gasoline engines intake strokes.
• Figure  1-10.—Four-stroke  cycle  diesel  engine.
• Multifuel  Engine
• Figure  1-12.-Spherical  chamber.
• Two-Stroke Cycle Diesel Engine
• Figure  1-14.—Two-stroke  diesel  cycle.
• Figure  1-15.—Valve  train  operation.
• Fuel Systems
• Gasoline Fuel
• Fuel Filters
• Diesel  Fuel  Filters
• Figure 1-21 .—Fuel  filter  elements.
• Gasoline Fuel System
• Figure 1-25.-Mechanical nonpositive pump.
• Figure  1-26.—Venturi  effect.
• Diesel Fuel Systems
• Air Induction Systems
• Figure 1-32.-Turbocharger.
• Figure  1-33.-Superchargers.
• Air Cleaners
• Dry-Element  Air  Cleaners
• Figure  1-37.—Dry  filter  cleaning.
• Figure 1-38.-Oil bath air cleaner.
• Lubrication System
• Oil Filters
• Filtering Systems
• Engine Cooling Systems
• Figure  1-44.—Liquid-cooling  system.
• Water Pump
• Fan and Shroud
• Air-Cooling Systems
• Figure  1-50.-Expansion  tank.
• Fan and Shroud

Chapter 2 Power Train

• Manual Transmission
• Figure 2-5.-Clutch linkage.
• Automatic Transmission
• Figure  2-6.—Automatic  transmission  cross-sectional  view.
• Planetary Gears
• Automatic  Transmission  Operation
• Auxiliary Transmission
• Propeller Shaft Assemblies
• Final Drives
• Differentials
• Assignment 9, Continued
• Driving Wheels
• Steering Mechanisms
• Power Steering
• Figure 3-3.-Articulated steering assembly.
• Suspension Systems
• Springs
• Shock Absorbers
• Tires
• Valves
• Mismatching
• Mechanical Irregularities
• Types of Treads
• Tire Removal
• Tire Repair
• Figure  3-28.—Pneumatic  tire  demounter. ]
• Figure 3-31.—Locking ring rim
• Tubeless Tire Repair
• Earthmover  Tire  Repair
• Figure 3-35.—Hydraulic cylinder and shoe
• Cold Patches
• Tire Safety
• Brake Systems
• Internal  Expanding  Brakes
• Hydraulic  Brake  System
• Air Brake System
• Air Storage Tanks
• Air-Over-Hydraulic Brake System
• Vacuum Brakes

Chapter 4 Electrical and Hydraulic Systems

• Chraging System
• 14081_95
• Lamps  and  Bulbs
• Auxiliary  Lights
• Gauges
• Hydraulic Systems
• Hydraulic Reservoir
• Strainers and Filters
• Figure 4-11.—(A) Single- and (B) double-acting hydraulic cylinders.
• Quick-Disconnect Couplers
• Hydraulic Motors

Chapter 5 Rules of the Road

• Driving Under Normal Conditions
• Backing Up
• Expressways
• Driving Under Hazardous Conditions
• Night Driving
• Cross Country
• Vehicle Recovery
• Overturned   Truck
• Towing
• Self and Liek-Vehicle Recovery
• International Signals and Road Signs
• Figure 5-15.—Traffic signs and markings.

Chapter 6 Transportation Operations

• Figure 6-1A.-Application for Vehicle Operator’s Identification Card, NAVFAC 11240/10 (front).
• Figure 6-1B.-Application for Vehicle Operator’s Identification Card, NAVFAC 11240/10 (back).
• Figure 6-2A.-Application for Construction Equipment Operator License, NAVFAC 11260/1 (front).
• Figure 6-2B.-Application for Construction Equipment Operator License, NAVFAC 11260/1 (back).
• Figure 6-3.—Physical Fitness Inquiry for Motor Vehicle Operators, Standard Form 47.
• License Forms
• Dispatch Forms
• Figure 6-6.-Construction Equipment Operator License, NAVFAC 11260/2.
• STANDARD FORM 91
• Figure 6-8.-Operator’s Daily PM Report, NAVFAC 11260/4.
• Figure 6-9 Motor Vehicle Utilization Record DD Form 1970.
• Figure 6-10A Operators Report of Motor Vehicle Accident, Standard Form 91 (front)
• Figure 6-10B Operators Report Motor Vehicle Accident Form 91 (Back)
• Transportation Pool
• Dispatching
• Figure 6-12.—Equipment Status Board.
• Figure 6-13.-Registration Series and Equipment Category.
• Figure 6-14 Dispatchers Log NAVFAC 9-11240/2
• Yard Boss
• Saltwater  Operations
• Collateral Equipage Custodian
• Figure 6-17.—Non-NSN Requisition, NAVSUP Form 1250-2.
• Attachment Custodian
• Fuel-Handling Vehicle
• Figure  6-20.-Fuel-service  truck.
• Fuel Safety
• Bus Driver
• Figure 6-22.-Bus Inspection Memory Aid.
• Taxi Driver
• Figure 6-23.-Daily Labor Distribution Report Form.
• Embarkation
• Figure 6-24 Subcategories of Labor
• Palletized Cargo
• NAVFAC P-437
• Figure 6-27.-Typical data display for a facility.
• Figure 6-28.—Typical data display for an assembly.

Chapter 7 Tractor Trailers and Dump Trucks

• Van Trailer
• Tilt-Bed  Trailer
• Prestart Inspection
• Figure  7-9.—Tractor-trailer  prestart  inspection  aid.
• Engine Compartment
• Engine Compartment, Continued
• Cab Inspection
• Air Brakes
• Spring  Brakes
• Trailer Air Lines
• Trailer Air Tanks
• Fifth Wheel Assembly
• Coupling  and  Uncoupling
• Coupling  and  Uncoupling, Continued
• Figure  7-16.—Trailer  kingpin.
• Figure  7-18.—Electrical  connector.
• Figure  7-19.—Air  line  storage  dummy  couplers.
• Turns
• Backing
• Figure  7-24.—Backing  a  tractor-trailer.
• Figure 7-25.—Reflective triangle placement: two lane or undivided highway.
• Loading and Securing Cargo
• Figure  7-28.—Correct  placement  of  payload.
• Weight  Distribution
• Loading  Equipment
• Securing Cargo
• Figure  7-33.—Symmetrical  tie-down  pattern.
• Securing Cargo, Continued
• Dump Trucks
• Characteristics
• Figure 7-40.—Tailgate rigged for spreading operations.
• Figure 7-43.—Avoid backing accidents; use a backing guide.

Chapter 8 Forklifts

• Figure 8-3.—Safety pin location.
• Figure  8-5.—Axle  disconnect  lever.
• 6K Rough-Terrain(RT) Forklifts
• Lift-King Forklifts
• Attachments
• Figure  8-12.—Crane  boom  attached  to  the  forklift.
• Capabilities and Limits
• Operating Techniques
• Pallets and Boxes
• Figure 8-21.—Direction of travel on a grade.
• Forklift Safety
• Figure 8-24.—Technique of maneuvering a wide load through a warehouse door.
• Figure 8-25.—Safety platform.
• Caution

Chapter 9 Front-End Loaders, Excavators, and Ditchers

• Attachments
• Figure 9-4.—Front-end  loader  attachments.
• Buckets
• Forklift
• Automatic  Bucket  Leveler
• Figure 9-11 .—Control levers.
• Figure  9-15.—Dozer  blade  tilt  positions.
• Loader  Operation
• Figure 9-22.—Bucket positioned for filling from a bank.
• Figure  9-24.—Loading  large  rocks.
• Improper Uses of the Multipurpose Bucket
• Figure 9-32.-Clamping an object and using it as a battering
• Back Hoe Operations
• Figure 9-38.-Backhoe boom arm pivot point.
• Loader  Backhoe
• Figure 9-41 .—Loader backhoe.
• Figure  9-44.-Swing  lockpin.
• Figure 9-48.-Lower the stabilizers to raise and level the loader
• Figure 9-51 .—Digging With the backhoe.
• Figure  9-52.—Backhoe  bucket  adjustment  digging  positions.
• Figure 9-54.-Truck carrier-mounted multipurpose excavator.
• Travel Unit
• Self-Propelled  Wheel  Mounted
• Figure  9-58.—Hydraulic  excavator  structural  members.
• Digging Procedures
• Job Layout
• Figure  9-63.—Foundation  excavation.
• Ditchers
• Wheel Ditcher
• Ladder Ditcher
• Chain Ditcher
• Cutting  Curves
• Safety

Chapter 10 Graders and Scrapers

• Prime Mover
• Frame
• Figure 10-7.-Blade heel and toe.
• Figure 10-10.-Drawbar.
• Grader Operations
• Turning Around
• Figure  10-19.-Turning  around.
• Blade  Pitch
• Scarifying
• Ditch  Cut
• Flat-Bottom Ditch Cut
• High Bank Cuts
• Road  Maintenance
• Grader  Estimates
• Grader Safety
• Figure  10-34.—Paddle  wheel  scraper.
• Scraper Components
• Bowl
• Scraper Operations
• Loading
• Hauling
• Loose Sand and Gravel
• Production Techniques
• Optimum Loading
• Haul Roads
• Scraper Safety
• Scraper Safety, Continued

Chapter 11 Dozers and Rollers

• Tracks and Track Frame
• Track  Frame
• Figure  11-8.-Carrier  rollers.
• Attachments
• Dozer Blades
• Figure 11-15. Push  arm  and  trunnion.
• Figure  11-18.—Angle  blade.
• Rippers
• Operating Techniques
• Figure 11-22.— Clearing brush and small trees.
• Caution
• Bull Dozing
• Figure  11-26.-Side-by-side  dozing.
• 14081_283
• Figure 11-28.-Spreading.
• Finishing Side Slopes
• Push Dozer
• Rollers
• Vibration  Response
• Figure 11-40.-Sheepfoot drum.
• Pneumatic-Tired Rollers
• Steel-Wheeled Rollers
• Rolling Techniques
• Bituminous Rollers
• Transverse  Joints
• Breakdown  Rolling
• Figure  11-52.—Correct  rolling  pattern.
• Roller Safety

Chapter 12 Cranes and Attachments

• Figure  12-4.-Crane  radius  measurement.
• Truck-Mounted Cranes
• Figure 12-7.—Limit of approach for power lines.
• Wheel-Mounted Cranes
• Lattice Boom Crane
• Boom  Angle  Indicators
• Figure  12-15.—Boom  angle  configurations.
• Boom Pendants
• Boom Mast
• Figure  12-21.—Lattice  boom  crane  control  levers.
• Lattice  Boom  Breakdown
• Figure 12-26.-Boom hoist assembly connected to boom butt.
• Lattice Boom Breakdown, Continued
• Telescopic Boom Cranes
• Crane Attachments
• Clam Shell
• Drag Line
• Figure  12-33.—Dragline  fairlead.
• Crane Operations
• Signalman
• Figure 12-35.—Crane Operator’s Daily Checklist.
• Wire Rope Inspection
• Hook Block Inspection
• Figure 12-39.-Sheave (pulley) inspection.
• Wire Rope End Connections
• Figure 12-41.—Wedge socket clip method.
• Crane Lift Checklist
• Figure  12-43.-Crane  Lift  Checklist.
• Figure 12-44.-Proper and improper cribbing.
• Load Capacity
• Load Rating Chart
• Figure 12-47.-Typical crane capacity chart.
• Clamshell Operations
• Dragline Employment
• Pile-Driving Operations
• Figure  12-49.—Typical  pile-driving  operation.
• Figure 12-52.-Lead adapters connected to the boom tip.
• Underhung  Leads
• Figure 12-55.-Sliding boom tip connector.
• Spud  Leads
• Diesel Hammer Operation
• Figure 12-61.-Operating principles of the McKiernan-Terry diesel pile hammer.
• Figure  12-62.—Trip  mechanism.
• Figure  12-63.-Lubrication  system.
• Figure 12-65.-Maximum ram-piston overstroke.
• Pile-Driving  Caps
• Pile-Driving Techniques and Terminology
• Obstruction and Refusal
• Straightening and Aligning Piles
• Types of Piles
• Figure  12-74.—Types  of  bearing  piles.
• Figure 12-75.—Typical uses of piles driven in a waterfront structure.
• Figure  12-77.—Cast-in-place  concrete  piles
• Figure 12-79.—Types of steel sheetpiling
• 14081_355

Chapter 13 Rigging

• Lays of Wire Rope
• Characteristics of Wire Rope
• Wire Rope Safe Working Load
• Kinks
• Drum Winding
• Figure 13-16.-Transferring wire rope from reel to drum
• Maintenance of Wire Rope
• Wire Rope Attachments
• Speltered Socket
• Hooks and Shackles
• Fiber Line
• Handling and Care of Fiber Line
• Chain
• Slings
• Sling Angle
• Figure  13-34.—Using  spreader  bars
• Spreaders Bars
• Figure  13-38.-Determination  of  double-basket  hitch  sling  capacity.
• Sling Inspection
• Proof  Testing  Slings
• Mechanical  Advantage
• Figure 13-43.—A. Simple tackle; B. Compound tackle.
• Block to Line Ratio
• Winches
• Rigging Safe Operating Procedures
• Figure 13-49.—Load shifting when Lifted.

Chapter 14 Miscellaneous Equipment

• Operation
• Mobile Concrete Mixer Plant
• Figure  14-3.—Mobile  concrete  mixer  plant.
• Figure 14-4.-Auger truck.
• Augers
• Figure  14-9.—Auger  boring  head  nomenclature.
• Compressor Capacity
• Safety
• Pneumatic Tools
• Figure  14-13.—Pavement  breaker.
• Hand-Held Rotary Rock Drill/Jackhammer
• Lubrication
• Figure  14-17.—Pneumatic  chain  saw.
• Crawler-Mounted Rock Drill
• Power Unit
• Control Console
• Figure  14-23.—Rock  drill  travel  position.
• Figure 14-24.-Tramming control panel.
• Positioning for Drilling
• Figure 14-26.-Components of the drill guide.
• Miscellaneous Construction and Maintenance Equipment
• Figure 14-27.—Floodlight unit.
• Figure   14-28.—Generator.
• Grounding
• Generator  Watch
• Figure  14-31.—Components  of  a  generator.
• Pumps
• Centrifugal  Pump
• Sweepers
• Street Sweeper
• Snow Removal Equipment
• Plows
• Figure   14-41.—Snowblower.
• Sand Spreader

Chapter 15 Earthwork Operations

• Figure 15-1.—NCF project package outline—Continued.
• Project Drawings
• Figure  15-3.—Project  planning  milestones.
• Figure 15-5.—Example of a site plan with existing utilities.
• Figure  15-6.—Plan  and  profile  sheet.
• Symbols
• Sketches
• Figure 15-13.—Overlay sketch, emphasizing temporary road and culvert.
• Earthwork Computations
• Table 15-1.—Volume Changes
• Slope Ratio
• Cross Sections
• Figure 15-19.—Area of a triangle.
• Construction (Grade) Stakes
• Starting Point
• Line Stakes
• Shoulder  Stakes
• Offset  Stakes
• Slope Stakes
• leveling Equipment
• Figure 15-38.—Using a Jacob’s staff with a hand level.
• Dumpy Level
• Tripod
• Level Rod
• Target  Reading
• Leveling
• Determining  Elevations
• Figure  15-49.—Backsight  reading  to  determine  instrument  height.
• Checking Grade with a Level Instrument
• Figure 15-52.—Computing cut-or-fill requirement from a missing grade stake.
• Figure  15-54.—Turning  point  and  level  notes.
• Figure 15-56.—Doing up a steel tape.
• Soils
• Soil Sizes
• Soil  Gradation
• Soil Stabilization
• Equipment
• Pioneering
• Drainage
• Figure 15-66.—Longitudinal drainage of runways.
• Grading and Excavating

Chapter 16 Paving Operations and Equipment

• Asphalt Pavement Structure
• Table  16-1.—Recommended  Uses  of  Various  Asphalt  Grades
• Function of Base Course and Subgrade
• Stage Construction
• Preparing Asphalt for Construction Operations
• Tack Coat
• Tack Coat, Continued
• Plant Mix Construction
• Table  16-2.-Weight  and  Volume  Relations  for  Various  Types  of  Compacted  Asphalt  Pavement
• Compacting Plant-Mix Materials
• Road-Mix Pavements
• Road-Mix Pavements, Continued
• Road-Mixing Methods
• Figure  16-8.-Blade-mix  construction.
• Defects in Flexible Pavements
• Cracking
• Distortion
• Figure 16-17.-Corrugations.
• Disintegration
• Repairing Defective Flexible Pavements
• Bituminous  Materials  Replacement
• Sprayed Asphalt Surface Treatment
• Aggregate Surface Treatment
• Paving Equipment
• Figure  16-29.—Vane  spreader.
• Figre  16-31.-Self-propelled  aggregate  spreader.
• Heating System
• Figure 16-34.-Proper angling of nozzles.
• Spraying
• Suggested Spraying Temperatures
• Asphalt Kettle
• Asphalt Haul Trucks
• Truck Hitches
• Figure 16-38.-Two common types of asphalt finishers.
• Tractor Unit (Power Unit)
• Screed Unit
• Figure 16-43.-Vibratory type of screed.
• Figure 16-44.-Mat thickness and crown controls.
• Figure  16-45.—Automatic  screed  reference  system.
• Figure 16-46.-Screed extension accessories.
• Tons Per Hour
• Paving Safety
• Paving Safety, Continued

Appendix I Glossary

• Appendix I, Continued
• Appendix I, Continued
• Appendix I, Continued
• Appendix I, Continued
• Appendix I, Continued
• Appendix I, Continued
• Appendix I, Continued

Appendix II International Signals and Road Signs

• Appendix II, Continued
• Appendix II, Continued
• Appendix II, Continued
• Appendix II, Continued

Appendix III The Metric System

• Appendix III, Continued
• Appendix III, Continued
• Appendix III, Continued

Appendix IV Hand Signals

• Appendix IV, Continued
• Appendix IV, Continued
• Appendix IV, Continued

Appendix V References Used to Develop This Traman

• Appendix V, Continued
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Index

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Assignment Questions

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