NOTE: A majority of the backing mishaps that have occurred in the NCF could have been avoided had the operators  used  a  backup  guide. 4. Ensure the reverse signal alarm works when you make the prestart operational inspection. If your vehicle is equipped with a reverse signal alarm, it  must  work  during  the  entire  backward movement of the vehicle. EXPRESSWAYS Expressways  are  designed  for  high-speed  driving, and to avoid mishaps on them, drivers must be more skillful and alert. All expressway entrances have three basic parts: an entrance ramp, an acceleration lane, and a merging area. (See fig. 5-4.) On the entrance ramp, begin to speed up and check for  an  opening  in  traffic.  Be  sure  to  signal  before entering. As the ramp straightens into the acceleration lane, continue to speed up. Try to adjust your speed so you can move into traffic. Merge into traffic when you can do so safely. You must yield the right-of-way to traffic on the expressway. You cannot always count on other drivers moving over to give you room to enter, but do not stop on an acceleration lane unless traffic is heavy and there is no space for you to enter safely. When traveling on an expressway, you should never exceed the posted speed limit and should maintain the distance between vehicles needed for safe stopping. Avoid  highway  hypnosis  by  taking  rest  stops  and opening  vents  or  windows.  Should  you  have  and emergency situation develop, you should get the vehicle off the expressway as fast as safely possible. After coming  to  a  stop,  you  should  look  behind  you  for oncoming or passing traffic before opening any door on the vehicle. When safe to do so, exit the vehicle and place flasher lights or flares behind the vehicle to warn other  motorists. When  you  are  leaving  expressways,  get  in  the proper lane well before the turnoff, and use turn signals to  warn  other  drivers.  Slow  down  in  the  deceleration lane only. Check the posted speed for the exit ramp. (See fig. 5-5.) Be prepared to obey posted signs like stop, yield, or merge. Should you miss your exit, do not stop or backup to the ramp. You must go to the next exit to turn  around. PERIODIC  STOPS Driving for long distances or operating equipment for long periods of time can become hypnotic. You need to stop at least every couple of hours and walk around your vehicle to wake up and loosen up. This improves your awareness and allows you to operate the equipment more  safely. While you are stopped and walking around, look over your vehicle; give it a quick safety inspection. 1. 2. 3. 4. Look at your tires. Check the lug nuts and ensure they are tight. Listen for any air leaks. Look for leaks that may occur  during  operation  from  the  engine, transmission,  or  differential. Look at the general condition of your vehicle. Check the load to see if it has shifted. Figure 5-4.—How to enter an expressway safely. 5-4