know the names and operations of the equipment at your normal watch station and your battle station. Be sure you know  what  the  casualty  is  before  you  take  corrective action. If you are reporting a casualty to the bridge or main control, be sure you use the correct terminology and ensure they understand what your casualty is. The primary sources of instructions used to handle any  engineering  casualty  and  to  maintain  the  overall damage resistance to your ship are listed as follows: l  The  EOCC  procedure l  The  ship’s  casualty  control  manual  (for  a  ship without EOCC) l The ship’s damage control manual l The ship’s damage control bills l  The  ship’s  organization  and  regulation  manual (SORM) SYMPTOMS OF OPERATIONAL CASUALTIES You must be on the alert for even the most minor sign of faulty operation of machinery. Pay particular and continuous  attention  to  the  following  symptoms  of malfunctioning: -  Unusual  noises -  Vibrations -  Abnormal  temperatures -  Abnormal  pressures -  Abnormal  operating  speeds - Leakage from systems or associated equipment You  should  become  thoroughly  familiar  with  the normal  operating  temperatures,  pressures,  and  speeds  of equipment  specified  for  each  condition  of  operation; departures from normal will then be readily apparent. NEVER assume that an abnormal reading on a gauge or other indicating instrument is due to a problem with the instrument. Investigate each case to learn the cause of the abnormal reading. Substitute a spare instrument or perform a calibration test to quickly show whether an instrument error exists. Trace abnormal readings that are not caused by faulty instruments to their source. Some specific advance warnings of failure are outlined in the following   paragraphs. The  safety  factor  commonly  incorporated  in  pumps and similar equipment can allow a considerable loss of capacity  before  you  see  any  external  evidence  of trouble.   In   pressure-governor-controlled   equipment, view changes in operating speeds from normal for the existing load with suspicion. Variations from normal in chest  pressures,  lubricating  oil  temperatures,  and  system pressures  indicate  either  improper  operation  or  poor condition  of  the  machinery.  When  a  material  failure occurs in any unit, promptly inspect all similar units to determine whether they are subject to the same type of failure.  Prompt  inspection  may  eliminate  a  wave  of similar   casualties. Abnormal wear, fatigue, erosion, or corrosion of a part  may  indicate  that  the  equipment  is  not  being operated  within  its  designed  limits  of  loading,  speed, and lubrication. It also may indicate a design or material deficiency. If any of these symptoms have appeared, you should routinely carry out special inspections to detect damage unless you can take action to ensure that such a condition  will  not  recur. ENGINE-ROOM  CASUALTIES Even  with  the  best-trained  personnel  and  the best-planned   maintenance   programs,   casualties   will occur.   WHEN   COMBATING   AN   ENGINE-ROOM CASUALTY, USE YOUR EOCC. DIESEL ENGINE CASUALTIES The  Engineman’s  duties  concerning  engineering casualties  and  their  control  depend  upon  the  type  of ship–which may be anything from a torpedo weapons retriever  (TWR)  to  a  carrier.  An  Engineman  operates engines   of   various   sizes,   made   by   various manufacturers,   and   intended   for   different   types   of services. Some  examples  of  the  types  of  engineering casualties that may occur and the action to be taken are given in the sections that follow. The observance of all necessary safety precautions is essential in all casualty control   procedures. 1. Inoperative speed governor a. Control the engine manually, if possible. b.  Notify  the  engineer  officer  and  the  bridge, and  request  permission  to  secure  the  engine  for  repairs. c.   When   you   get   permission,   check   the governor control mechanism. d.   Check  the  linkage  for  binding  or  sticking. 1-24