better  training  of  personnel  who  must  keep  the  ships combat ready. The need for training and the problem of frequent turnover of trained personnel call for some kind of system that can be used to keep things going smoothly during  the  confusion.  The  EOSS  was  developed  for  that purpose. EOSS  is  a  set  of  manuals  designed  to  eliminate problems due to operator error during the alignment of piping   systems   and   the   starting   and   stopping   of machinery.  It  involves  the  participation  of  all  personnel from  the  department  head  to  the  fireman  on  watch. EOSS consists of a set of detailed written procedures, using charts, instructions, and diagrams. These aids are developed for safe operation and casualty control of a specific  ship’s  engineering  plant  and  configuration. EOSS improves the operational readiness of the ship’s engineering plant by providing positive control of the plant. This, in turn, reduces operational casualties and extends machinery life. EOSS  is  divided  into  two  subsystems:  (1) engineering   operational   procedures   (EOPs)   and   (2) engineering operational casualty control (EOCC). ENGINEERING  OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES  (EOPs) EOPs  are  prepared  specifically  for  each  level  of operation: plant supervision (level l), space supervision (level  2),  and  component/system  operator  (level  3).  The materials  for  each  level  or  stage  of  operation  contain only  the  information  necessary  at  that  level.  All materials are interrelated. They must be used together to maintain the proper relationship and to ensure positive control  and  sequencing  of  operational  events  within  the plant.  Ships  that  do  not  have  EOSS  use  operating instructions  and  a  casualty  control  manual  for  plant operations. ENGINEERING  OPERATIONAL CASUALTY CONTROL (EOCC) This  subsystem  of  EOSS  enables  plant  and  space supervisors to RECOGNIZE the symptoms of a possible casualty.  They  can  then  CONTROL  the  casualty  to prevent possible damage to machinery, and RESTORE plant operation to normal. The documents of the EOCC subsystem   contain   procedures   and   information   that describe symptoms, causes, and actions to be taken in the most common engineering plant casualties. ENGINEERING CASUALTY CONTROL The best form of casualty control is prevention. If you do not let a casualty happen, you will not have to fix it. Preventive  maintenance  is  one  of  the  principal factors  of  casualty  control.  Preventive  inspections,  tests, and  maintenance  are  vital  to  casualty  control.  These actions  minimize  casualties  caused  by  MATERIAL failures. Continuous detailed inspections are necessary to discover worn or partly damaged parts, which may fail   at   a   critical   time.   These   inspections   eliminate maladjustments,   improper   lubrication,   corrosion, erosion, and other enemies that could cause early failure of a vital piece of machinery. The inspections, tests, and maintenance called for in the 3-M systems must be performed conscientiously since  they  are  based  on  the  known  requirements  of preventive maintenance. Still,  casualties  do  happen.  When  they  do,  the success of the mission, the safety of your ship, and the lives of your shipmates may depend on your ability to handle the situation. That means continuous training and frequent refresher drills to be sure you can do your part, and do it well. Engineering  casualty  control  is  used  to  prevent, minimize,  and  correct  the  effects  of  operational  and battle casualties. These casualties will be on engineering space   machinery,   related   machinery   outside   of engineering  spaces,  and  the  piping  installations associated  with  the  various  pieces  of  machinery.  The mission   of   engineering   department   personnel   is   to maintain all engineering services in a state of maximum reliability under all conditions. If you cannot provide these services, the ship may not be able to fight. The use of EOCC procedures was discussed at the beginning of this chapter. These procedures are prepared and approved for your ship. Steps involved in handling engineering casualties can be divided into three general phases: 1.   Immediate action to prevent further damage. 2.   Supplementary   action   to   stabilize   the   plant condition. 3.  Restoration  action  to  restore  equipment  to operation after a casualty. Where equipment damage has occurred,  repairs  may  be  necessary  to  restore machinery, plants, or systems to their original condition. Communication  of  accurate  information  is  one  of the  major  problems  in  casualty  control.  Be  sure  you 1-23