however, the person must not be allowed to learn by trial and error, since errors could be too dangerous and too costly. Safety precautions should be taught from the very beginning   and   should   be   emphasized   constantly throughout the training program. Many   of   the  NSTMs,   manufacturer’s   technical manuals,  and  every  Planned  Maintenance  System (PMS)  maintenance  requirement  card  (MRC)  include safety  precautions.  Additionally,  OPNAVINST 5100.19B.  Naval  Occupational  Safety  and  Health (NAVOSH)  Program  Manual  for  Forces  Afloat,  and OPNAVINST  5100.23B,  NAVOSH  Program  Manual, provide  safety  and  occupational  health  information.  The safety  precautions  are  for  your  protection  and  to  protect equipment. During preventive and corrective maintenance, the procedures may call for personal protective equipment (PPE) such as goggles, gloves, hearing protection, and respirators.   When   specified,   your   use   of   PPE   is mandatory. You must select PPE appropriate for the job since the equipment is manufactured and approved for different levels of protection. If the procedure does not specify  the  PPE,  and  you  aren’t  sure,  ask  your  safety officer. Most machinery, spaces, and tools requiring you to wear hearing protection are posted with hazardous noise signs  or  labels.  Eye  hazardous  areas  requiring  you  to wear goggles or safety glasses are also posted. In areas where corrosive chemicals are mixed or used, such as the morpholine tank or brominators, an emergency eye wash  station  must  be  installed. All   lubricating   agents,   oils,   cleaning   materials, refrigerants  (R-12),  and  boiler  water  and  feedwater chemicals used in maintenance and repair are hazardous materials.  Hazardous  materials  require  careful  handling, storage,  and  disposal.  PMS  documentation  provides hazard warnings or refers the maintenance person to the Hazardous Materials User’s Guide (HMUG). Material safety  data  sheets  (MSDSs)  also  provide  safety precautions for hazardous materials. All commands are required to have an MSDS for each hazardous material they have in their inventory. You must be familiar with the dangers associated with the hazardous materials you use  in  your  work  Additional  information  is  available from  your  command’s  hazardous  material/hazardous waste  coordinator. Workers   must   always   consider   electrical   safety when  working  around  any  electrical  or  electronic machinery or equipment. Procedures normally include special   precautions   and   tag-out   requirements   for electrical safety. You should review your command’s electrical  safety  program  instruction  and  procedures before beginning any work on electrical or electronic equipment  or  before  working  with  portable  electrical tools. TRAINING  PROGRAMS As an EN2, you are required to assist your EN1 or ENC in establishing or maintaining a training program for your work center. For this program you are required to  teach  the  proper  methods  of  equipment  operation, repair,   and   safety.   You   should   use   all   appropriate materials   as   teaching   aids,   such   as   manufacturer’s manuals,  instructions,  and  NSTMs.  In  addition,  you should know what schools are available. In recent years, one of the best ways to check on how well personnel retain the information being taught in the training program has been the use of the Personnel Qualification Standard (PQS). A  PQS  is  a  written  list  of  knowledge  and  skills required to qualify for a specific watch station, maintain a specific piece of equipment or system, or perform as a  team  member  within  an  assigned  unit.  The  PQS program is a method for qualifying personnel to perform their  assigned  duties. Most   standards   are   divided   into   four   sections: Fundamentals,   Systems,   Watchstations,   and   a Qualification Card. The Fundamentals section contains the facts, principles, and fundamentals concerning the subject for which a person is qualifying. The Systems section  deals  with  the  major  working  parts  of  the installation, organization, or equipment with which the PQS is concerned. The Watchstation section defines the actual duties, assignments, and responsibilities needed for qualification. The Qualification Card has questions that  match  those  in  the  Watchstation  section  and provides a space for the supervisor’s or the qualifying officer’s   signature. In addition to qualifying under PQS, both you and your   subordinates   must   satisfy   Maintenance   and Material   Management   (3-M)   Systems   and   general damage control qualification requirements. ENGINEERING OPERATIONAL SEQUENCING SYSTEM (EOSS) Each  new  ship  that  joins  the  Navy  is  more technically advanced and complex than the one before. The main propulsion plants call for engineering skills at ever higher levels of competence. That means more and 1-22