Chapter  2—ADMINISTRATION,  SUPERVISION,  AND  TRAINING immediate  trouble.  As  a  result  of  this  type  of analysis, skilled maintenance personnel have been able  to  pinpoint  wear  areas  early,  and  to  take corrective  and  preventive  maintenance  action during an emergency or on a pre-planned basis as determined by the type of accelerated wear detected. By replacing worn out minor parts a major failure can be prevented, and the require- ment for costly parts replacements of complete overhaul of the equipment can be eliminated. Ships   shall   maintain   accurate   records   of operating   hours   since   major   overhauls,   oil changes, and samplings in order to provide the testing  facility  with  the  information  requested  in the sampling kit. (COMNAVSURFLANT uses the services of the Charleston Naval Shipyard and COMNAVSURFPAC   uses   Intermediate Maintenance Activities (IMA) for analyzing oil samples  from  machinery  employing  closed  lube oil/hydraulic systems.) In addition, a record of conditions  found  and  repairs  effected  as  a  result of  inspections  conducted  following  recom- mendations  of  the  laboratory  must  also  be maintained. When the shipyard or IMA laboratory receives the oil sample, a physical test and a spectrometric analysis are performed. The physical test consists of the following: 1. All samples are tested for fuel dilution, and a report is provided to all concerned by percent volume as per requirements of ASTM D92057. 2.  All  samples  are  tested  for  solids  by centrifuge  to  show  the  amount  of  suspended particles  separately  from  precipitated  solids.  The test must differentiate between those fine particles suspended by the active compounds in the oil and those  that  can  settle  out  of  the  oil  spontaneously to give a ratio of colloidal/precipitated solids. 3.  Allowable  “use  limits”  are  tested  and recorded. When  the  physical  test  is  completed  the shipyard/IMAs   should   make   a   spectrometric analysis of each used oil sample, then record and report  to  all  concerned  the  concentrations  of  the Element  Concentration  In Standard  Reference  Specimen Standard  Deviation (Range  in  PPM) (Maximum  in  PPM) 3- 9 1.5 10 - 19 2 20 -    49 3 50 -    99 5 100 -   199 8 200 -   500 15 Figure  2-16.—Element  Concentrations. following elements in parts per million (ppm). (See figure  2-16.) Iron (Fe) Nickel (Ni)    *Sodium  (Na) Lead (Pb) Silver  (Ag) Phosphorus  (P) Copper (Cu) Tin (Sn) Zinc  (Zn) Chromium  (Cr)  Silicon  (Si)  Calcium  (Ca) Aluminum  (Al)  Boron  (B) Barium  (Ba) *Only when evidence of water is present. Testing will be done for all the above elements. The sensitivity and reliability of the equipment used for the test will be such that the standard deviation   obtained   in   the   analysis   for   each specified element must not exceed the appropriate value shown in figure 2-16. Additional  information  on  trend  analysis  and oil  spectrometric  analysis  is  contained  in  COM- NAVSURFLANTINST  9000.1  or  COMNAV- SURFPACINST 4700.1A. MAINTENANCE  AND  REPAIR RESPONSIBILITIES In order to fulfill your maintenance and repair responsibilities along with your administrative and supervisory responsibilities you must plan your work ahead of time. You must determine all the work that must be done and prepare a schedule to ensure that it is done. You must also keep your schedule flexi- ble enough to allow unexpected maintenance and 2-19