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  DOE-HDBK-1109-97
Radiological Safety Training for Radiation-Producing (X-Ray) Devices
Instructor's Guide
Table of Contents
Page
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY - COURSE PLAN ...................................................................................... 1
Standardized Core Course Material ............................................................................................................. 1
Course Goal ..................................................................................................................................... 1
Target Audience............................................................................................................................... 1
Description ....................................................................................................................................... 1
Length .............................................................................................................................................. 2
Terminal Objective .......................................................................................................................... 2
Enabling Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 2
Regulations ...................................................................................................................................... 3
Equipment Needs ............................................................................................................................. 4
Student Materials ............................................................................................................................. 4
ANSI ................................................................................................................................................ 5
LESSON SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................. 6
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 6
Course Goal ..................................................................................................................................... 6
Course Content ................................................................................................................................ 6
I.
MODULE 101 - RADIATION PROTECTION PRINCIPLES ....................................................... 7
A.
OBJECTIVES...................................................................................................................... 7
B.
ATOMS ............................................................................................................................... 8
C.
IONIZATION .................................................................................................................... 8
D.
RADIATION ....................................................................................................................... 8
E.
UNITS ................................................................................................................................. 9
F.
BACKGROUND RADIATION ........................................................................................ 10
G.
DOSE LIMITS .................................................................................................................. 11
H.
CAUSES OF ACCIDENTAL EXPOSURES (KEY ITEM) ............................................. 13
I.
ALARA ............................................................................................................................. 14
J.
REDUCING EXTERNAL DOSE (KEY ITEM)............................................................... 14
II.
MODULE 102 - PRODUCTION OF X-RAYS............................................................................. 16
A.
OBJECTIVES.................................................................................................................... 16
B.
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION ............................................................................. 17
C.
X-RAY PRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 19
D.
EFFECT OF VOLTAGE AND CURRENT ON PHOTON ENERGY AND POWER .... 21
E.
INTERACTION WITH MATTER.................................................................................... 23
III.
MODULE 103 - BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS .................................................................................. 28
A.
OBJECTIVES.................................................................................................................... 28
B.
EARLY HISTORY OF X-RAYS...................................................................................... 29
C.
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF IONIZATION ................................................................... 31
D.
FACTORS THAT DETERMINE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS........................................... 31
E.
SOMATIC EFFECTS........................................................................................................ 35
F.
HERITABLE EFFECTS .................................................................................................. 41
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