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Figure 3-3.—Ratchet cutter and squeeze cutter. | Up
Utilitiesman Volume 01 - Manual for electric, plumbing, water and other utilities | Next
Figure 3-8.—Typical stack and vent installation. |
Figure 3-5.—Cutting cast-iron pipe with hacksaw and
adjustable wrench.
of a hub and spigot). Thus the remaining pipe still has a
hub, and it can be used.
FITTINGS. —Cast-iron soil pipe fittings are used
for making branch connections or changes in the
direction of a line. Both cast-iron soil pipe and fittings
are brittle, so exercise care to avoid dropping them on a
hard surface. Some of the cast-iron soil pipe fittings
you may use in your work are described below.
A number of different types of bends are generally
used on jobs involving cast-iron soil pipe. Some of the
common types are the 1/16, 1/8, short sweep 1/4, long
sweep 1/4, and reducing 1/4 bend. Look at figure 3-6 to
get an idea of the shape and appearance of each of these
types of bends.
The 1/16 bend is used to change the direction of a
cast-iron soil pipeline 22 1/2 degrees. A 1/8 bend is
used to change the direction of a cast-iron soil pipeline
45 degrees. The SHORT SWEEP 1/4 bend is a fitting
used to change the direction of a cast-iron soil pipeline
90 degrees in a short space. The LONG SWEEP 1/4
bend is used to change the direction of a cast-iron soil
pipeline 90 degrees, but more gradually than the short
sweep 1/4 bend. The REDUCING 1/4 bend gradually
changes the direction of the pipe 90 degrees, and in the
sweep portion, it reduces nearly one size. A 4 by 3
reducing long sweep 1/4 bend has a 4-inch SPIGOT on
one end, reducing 90 degrees to a 3 1/4-inch HUB on
the other end. Note that for all CISP fittings, the spigot
end is always listed first.
Tees connect branches to continuous lines. Learn
to recognize the four designs of tees shown in figure
3-7. For connecting lines of different sizes,
REDUCING tees are often suitable.
The TEST tee is used in stack and waste
installations where the vertical stack joins the
horizontal sanitary sewer (fig. 3-8). It is installed at
this point, so the plumber can insert a test plug and fill
the system with water in testing for tightness. The test
tee is also used in multistory construction.
The TAPPED tee is frequently used in the venting
system; it is called the main vent tee. The SANITARY
tee is commonly used in a main stack to allow the
takeoff of a cast-iron soil pipe branch.
Four types of cast-iron soil pipe 90-degree
Y-branches are in general use, as shown in view A,
Figure 3-6.—Types of cast-iron soil pipe bends.
Figure 3-7.—Cast-iron soil pipe tees.
3-7
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