the  cold-water  supply.  Electrical  work  must  conform  to the local governing electrical codes. 15. 1a-08. A main SHUTOFF VALVE will be installed  as  indicated  or  specified.  The  1-inch  main shutoff valve must be accessible to the stop-and-waste valve with solder-type ends, and the waste arranged for complete drainage of the entire water-supply system. 15. 1a-09.  WORKMANSHIP will be performed in a fast-class manner, observing all standards of good installation   practices. 15.  1a-10.  TESTS  must  be  conducted  on  all plumbing  systems  to  provide  tightness  of  all  piping joints. If leaks occur, they will be repaired immediately and the tests repeated. The soil, waste, and vent systems will be completely filled with water to the highest point before checking for leaks. The hot- and cold-water piping must be tested with water at 1 1/2 times the working   pressure.   After   all   tests   have   proved satisfactory, all the necessary adjustments on the faucets, traps, valves, and other specialties will be checked, so the entire system can be placed in normal operation. 15.  1a-11.  INSULATION.  All  the  piping  and fittings  subjected  to  freezing  temperatures  must  be adequately insulated with a suitable frostproof covering secured  in  place. The project guide specifications, then, provide all the required information on the materials and methods of work to be used in completing a project that is not contained in the plans. There may be times when you will need to know more about the characteristics of materials listed in the bill of material. For example, if you cannot obtain a specified type of material or piece of equipment and want to substitute, you will need to know the characteristics of each in order to compare them before making the decision to substitute. This is where a knowledge of and access to federal, military, and NAVFAC specifications are important. FEDERAL  specifications  are  written  technical descriptions of materials and supplies used by the Navy  and  other  federal  government  agencies.  They cover in detail the characteristics and compositions of these  items  and  are  listed,  along  with  military specifications, in numerical and alphabetical indices generally available to you. MILITARY  specifications are similar to federal specifications  but  are  developed  for  use  by  the Department of Defense. Formerly called JAN (Joint Army and Navy) specifications, they have been revised to MIL-SPECS, using the same serial number as before. The last of the specifications that you will most likely use is the NAVFAC specifications. These are developed  by  the  Naval  Facilities  Engineering Command and cover the Naval Facilities Engineering Command  and  other  items  normally  used  for construction. They are listed as "Type Specs" and Standard  Specifications  in  the  Service  Contracts Specifications,  NAVFAC  MO-327. Q8. Q9. QlO. Qll. Are all specification divisions required for every construction   project? You are installing a dental operatory chair on a project. To what division of the specifications should  you  refer? In  the  specifications  sample  “Division  15 Mechanical,"  what  paragraph  identifies  the  type of  pipe  for  aboveground,  vertical  waterlines? When   is   it   necessary   to   know   specific characteristics of a part or material? ASSIGNMENT AS A CREW LEADER LEARNING  OBJECTIVE:  Identify  the  basic fundamentals of project planning, organization, and  supervision. As you gain experience in utilities work, you will probably be called upon to serve as the leader of one or more crews. They may perform various types of work, such as measure, cut, and thread pipe; install pipe lagging and other insulation and protective materials on pipe; or other related utilities type work. Your duties, as a crew leader, may vary from one activity to another. Usually, these duties involve planning work assignments,  supervising  work  teams,  preparing requisitions, and keeping time cards. PLANNING WORK ASSIGNMENTS Planning  is  the  process  of  determining requirements  and  devising  and  developing  methods and schemes of action for construction of a project. Proper planning saves time and money for the Navy and makes the project easier for everyone concerned. Here are some pointers that are designed to help you plan day-to-day work assignments for your crew(s). 1-15