Elevations ELEVATIONS   are   orthographic   projections, showing the finished interior and exterior appearance of  the  structure.  Interior  elevations  are  required  for important   features,   such   as   built-in   cabinets   and shelves, but it is not uncommon for elevations to be drawn for all interior walls in each room of a building. Cabinet   elevations   show   the   cabinet   lengths   and heights,   distance   between   base   cabinets   and   wall cabinets,  shelf  arrangements,  doors  and  direction  of door   swings,   and   materials   used.   Interior   wall elevations  show  wall  lengths,  finished  floor-to-ceiling heights, doors, windows, other openings, and the types of finish materials used. Exterior  elevations  show  the  types  of  materials used  on  the  exterior,  the  finished  grade  around  the structure, the roof slope, the basement or foundation walls, footings, and all of the vertical dimensions. Basically,   the   following   four   elevations   are needed in a set of drawings to complete the exterior description:  the  front,  the  rear,  and  two  sides  of  a structure, as they would appear projected on vertical planes. A typical elevation is drawn at the same scale as the floor plan, either 1/4 in. = 1 ft or 1/8 in. = 1 ft; however,  occasionally  a  smaller  scale  may  be  used because of space limitations, or a larger scale maybe used to show more detail. Several  methods  are  used  to  identify  each elevation, as it relates to the floor plan. The method Seabees  most  commonly  use  is  labeling  the  elevations with  the  same  terminology  used  in  multiview  and orthographic   projection;   that   is,   FRONT,   REAR, RIGHT-SIDE,   and   LEFT-SIDE   ELEVATIONS   or sometimes NORTH, SOUTH, EAST, and WEST. STRUCTURAL   DRAWINGS The   STRUCTURAL   DRAWINGS   (usually identified  with  the  designating  letter  S on  the  title block) consist of all of the drawings that describe the structural   members   of   the   building   and   their relationship  to  each  other.  A  set  of  structural  drawings includes foundation plans and details, framing plans and details, wall sections, column and beam details, and   other   plans,   sections,   details,   and   schedules necessary  to  describe  the  structural  components  of  the building   or   structure.   The   general   notes   in   the structural  drawings  should  also  include,  when applicable, roof, floor, wind, seismic, and other loads, allowable soil pressure or pile-bearing capacity, and allowable stresses of all material used in the design. Foundation  Plan A  FOUNDATION  PLAN  is  a  top  view  of  the footings or foundation walls, showing their area and their  location  by  distances  between  centerlines  and  by distances   from   reference   lines   or   boundary   lines. Actually, it is a horizontal section view cut through the walls of the foundation showing beams, girders, piers or columns, and openings, along with dimensions and internal composition. Primarily  the  building  crew  uses  the  foundation plan   to   construct   the   foundation   of   the   proposed structure.  In  most  Seabee  construction,  foundations are   built   with   concrete-masonry   units   (CMU)   or cast-in-place concrete. Figure 2-7 shows a plan view of a 20’ x 48’ PEB, as it would look if projected into a horizontal plane that passes through the structure. In this typical drawing, notice that only the placement of the  anchor  bolts  are  shown,  along  with  a  typical detailed drawing of the footing, the column, and the slab. Framing  Plan The   FRAMING   PLANS   show   the   size,   the number,  and  the  location  of  the  structural  members constituting   the   building   framework.   Separate framing  plans  are  drawn  for  the  floors  and  roofs. Occasionally, the Draftsman will draw a wall framing plan;   however,   wall   framing   plans   are   generally viewed in the sectional views or detail drawings. The FLOOR FRAMING PLAN must specify the sizes and spacing of joists, girders, and columns used to support the floor. Detail drawings must be added, if necessary, to show the methods of anchoring joists and girders  to  the  columns  and  foundation  walls  or footings. The  floor  framing  plan  is  basically  a  plan  view, showing the layout of the girders and joists. Figure 2-8 shows the manner of presenting floor framing plans. The  unbroken  double-line  symbol  indicates  joists. Joist  symbols  are  drawn  in  the  position  they  will occupy  in  the  completed  building.  Double  framing around  openings  and  beneath  bathroom  fixtures  is shown  where  used.  Bridging  is  also  shown  by  a double-line  symbol  that  runs  perpendicularly  to  the joist.  In  figure  2-8,  the  number  of  rows  of  cross bridging is controlled by the span of the joist; place the rows no more than 8 feet apart. Hence a 14-foot 2-10