Appendix I Glossary

APPENDIX I GLOSSARY AGGREGATE—Crushed rock or gravel screened to size for use in road surfaces, concrete, or bitumi- nous mixes. AIR-ENTRAINED CONCRETE—Concrete con- taining millions of trapped air bubbles. AUGER—A boring bit. BATCH—The amount of concrete mixed at one time regardless of quantity. BATTER BOARDS—Two boards nailed at right angles to posts set up near the proposed corner of an excavation for a building and used for transferring building lines. BOX NAILS—Lightweight nails with large heads. BRAD—A slender nail with a small head. BRICK—Solid blocks of fine clay. BUTTERING—Putting mortar on a brick or block with a trowel before laying. CARRIAGE BOLT—A partially threaded bolt with a head that is flat on the underside and rounded on top. CASING NAILS—Twopenny (2d) to fortypenny (40d) nails with flaring heads. CEMENT—Fuzed and pulverized limestone and clay. COMMON BOND—Five stretcher courses with the sixth as an all header course. COMMON NAILS—Twopenny (2d) to sixtypenny (60d) strong nails. CONCRETE BUGGY—Two-wheeled buggy for transporting concrete, nicknamed “Georgia Buggy.” CONCRETE—Artificial stone made of cement, water, sand, and aggregate. CONSTRUCTION JOINT—A joint that runs through concrete. Made by pouring sections of a structure at different times. COURSE—A single layer of bricks, stone, or other masonry. CURING—The process of keeping concrete damp and at favorable temperatures to ensure complete hardening. EXPANSION JOINT—Construction joint with expandable material at the contact points. FINISHING NAILS—Twopenny (2d) to twenty- penny (20d) sizes with small barrel-shaped heads. FOOTING—An enlargement at the lower end of a wall to distribute the load to a wider area of supporting soil. GIN POLE—An upright guy pole with hoisting tackle and foot-mounted snatch block used for vertical lifts. GIRDER—A supporting beam laid crosswise of the building; a long truss. GIRT—A horizontal brace used on outside walls covered with vertical siding. GROUT—A mixture of sand, cement, and water that can be poured. GUNITE—A patent name for spray concrete. HONEYCOMBING—Sections of weak, porous concrete. JOIST—A member that makes up the body of the floor and ceiling frames. LAG SCREW—A screw with a wrench head and wood screw threads. LEADS—Points at which block and brick are laid up a few courses and used as guides. LINE—Strands of natural or synthetic fiber twisted together, sometimes referred to as “rope.” MONOLITHIC POUR—Concrete cast in a single pour. MORTAR—Sand, water, and cementing material in proper proportions. MOUSING—Turns of cordage around the opening of a block hook. PERLITE—Lightweight concrete aggregate. AI-1