16.—05.—Installation   of   Wires   and Cables. Installation of wire in conduit is made with the use of pull lines or fish tapes and an approved  wire-pulling  lubricant.  Suitable equipment  should  be  provided  to  prevent cutting or abrasion of conductor insulation during  the  pulling  of  the  wires.  Lubricating compound must not have a harmful effect on the  conductor  insulating  materials.  All  wires  in a conduit are bundled and pulled at one time. Pulling lines are attached by direct connection to the conductors or by the use of a cable grip. Slack is provided at attachment of devices or splicing. In outlet boxes, for future installation of  wiring  devices,  the  ends  of  wires  are insulated with tape or a suitable wire connector. All conductors of each circuit in a junction box containing   multiple   circuits   must   be permanently identified with suitable labels. Nonmetallic-sheathed  cable  may  be installed exposed on walls and ceilings in protected areas or concealed in hollow walls, under floors, or above ceilings. Provisions for outlets and switches are made by running the cable into outlet boxes. All splices are enclosed in outlet or junction boxes; this requirement applies   to   both   exposed   and   concealed installation. The moment your battalion or unit receives orders to  undertake  a  major  construction  project,  watch  for  the arrival of sets of drawings and specifications, which are usually provided well in advance of the deployment period. These drawings and specifications will also be the basis for the P&E and scheduling. Take a look at the specifications. After you advance in rate, especially if you   are   concerned   with   P&E,   it   will   be   your responsibility  to  study  the  applicable  specifications thoroughly. NAVFACENGCOM has prepared specifications that   cover   practically   every   subject   on   naval construction.  These  specifications  are  the  standards followed  by  the  NCF—above  all  other  specifications that  may  be  available. DRAWINGS AND SKETCHES As a Construction Electrician you will be required to read and interpret drawings and specifications, sketches, and electrical diagrams. Before you can work with drawings effectively, you must know how to interpret electrical symbols correctly. Knowing how to draw and interpret freehand sketches is also important. You will see how the different parts of a drawing relate to the overall plan the drawing represents. You will also learn to recognize the different types of drawings and their uses. SYMBOLS One of the most important symbols to use right at the beginning of a new job is the directional symbol. This symbol, which is usually an arrow labeled "N" for north, enables the reader of a construction drawing to orient  it.  A drawing is properly oriented when it is held so that the north arrow shown on the drawing is pointing toward north. Construction Electricians sometimes find themselves standing in open ground with only a drawing and an area staked off by the Engineering Aid who  tells  them  where  to  start  shoveling  for  an underground  conduit  run.  The  drawing  must  be properly   oriented   so   the   reader   can   relate   the information   on   it   to   the   surrounding   area. Understanding common standard symbols, such as the north arrow mentioned above, is a must for some one who expects to do well inelectrical construction work. Some of the most common symbols you will see in building construction work are listed in figure 2-5. These  symbols  were  selected  from  ANSI  Y32.9—1972. Study  these  symbols  carefully.  A  good  way  to memorize them is to copy each symbol several times while thinking of the electrical component or device it represents. Learn to relate each symbol mentally to the component   it   represents   whenever   you   see   the component. For example, as you pull the wire through a conduit in a floor slab, you might try to recall the symbol mentally for "wiring concealed in floor." When you walk  into  the  company  office  and  see  a  duplex receptacle outlet, you should think about its symbol. This practice will enable you to associate symbols to actual electrical devices. This type of training will help you become a better CE. Although  figure  2-5  shows  some  of  the  most common standard symbols, these are by no means the only ones you will see in your work. Sometimes a symbol for a particular component or device may have been created by the architect or engineer who developed the drawing. For various reasons, some of the symbols on a drawing may not be standard. Many times you will figure out what a symbol means by analyzing it and thinking about what it looks like. The legend on a drawing  should  show  any  nonstandard  symbols  and their meanings. 2-6