Slings

the diameter, 6 x D = DISTANCE BETWEEN CLIPS. Here, as in determining the number of clips, if the answer contains a fraction, use the next whole number. You should inspect and tighten wire-rope clips at regular intervals. Also, after comparatively long use, remove the clips and examine the wire rope for broken wires. If any are present, remove the damaged part and make a new attachment. Knots Although wire-rope fittings are stronger and safer and make wire rope last longer, you may have to use knots in emergencies. Use knots secured with clips (fig. 1-7). Figure 1-7 also shows the proper way to join two wire ropes. Fittings fittings are attached to the ends of wire rope so that the wire rope can be easily connected to other wire ropes, chains, pad eyes, or heavy equipment. Figure 1-8 shows some standard fittings. The type of fitting used depends on the job. For instance, to hoist a bundle of conduit from ground level, use two wire rope slings made using a thimble in the wire rope and then attaching a shackle to the thimble. A thimble in an eye splice reduces abrasive wear on the wire rope (fig. 1-8, view 2). Hooks and Shackles Hooks and shackles (fig. 1-9) provide a useful means of hauling the lifting loads without tying directly to the object with a line, wire rope, or chain. They can be attached to wire rope, fiber line, blocks, or chains. Shackles should be used for loads too heavy for hooks to handle. When hooks fail because of overloading, they usually straighten out and lose or drop their load. When a hook has been bent by overloading, do NOT straighten it and put it back into service.Cut it in half with a cutting torch and discard it. Hooks should be given a visual inspection at the beginning of each workday and before lifting a full- rated load. If you are not sure whether a hook is strong enough to lift the load, use a shackle. You should use hooks that close and lock where there is danger of catching on an obstruction. This applies particularly to hoisting buckets, or cages, and especially in shaft work. Hooks and rings used with chain should have about the same strength as the chain. SLINGS Slings are widely used in the moving and hoisting of heavy loads. You can obtain some types of slings already made up, but frequently you may have to make Figure 1-9.—Hooks and shackles. 1-9