GENERAL AND HAZARD CLASS SPECIFIC PACKAGING REQUIREMENTS

AFMAN 24-204(I)/TM 38-250/NAVSUP PUB 505/MCO P4030.19H/ DLAI 4145.3 33 11 DECEMBER 2001 Attachment 3 GENERAL AND HAZARD CLASS SPECIFIC PACKAGING REQUIREMENTS A3.1. General Packaging Requirements. The general requirements of attachment 3 are in addition to the specific packaging requirements outlined in attachments 5 through 13. Hazardous material packaging must be authorized by this manual, 49 CFR Part 173, the ICAO Technical Instructions, or the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulation and meet the requirements outlined in this attachment. A3.1.1. Transportability. Securely close and construct containers to prevent leakage due to changes in temperature, humidity, and altitude during transportation and in-transit handling. A3.1.1.1. Primary and secondary items and their containers (unit or exterior) must provide protection without deformation, leakage, or rupture against: - Temperature changes (-40 to 65.5 degrees C [-40 to +150 degrees F]). - Pressure changes due to altitude changes (sea level to 3.7 km (12,000 feet)). - Pressure changes due to explosive decompression from 3.7 to 15.24 km (12,000 to 50,000 feet). HA3.1.1.2. Do not fill a UN specification packaging to a gross mass greater than the authorized gross mass marked on the packaging. A3.1.1.3. Provide adequate protection for material susceptible to damage by freezing during both ground and air operations. A3.1.2. Compatibility. All containers must be designed and constructed of materials that do not react with, or are not decomposed by, the material contained therein. Plastic containers or liners must prevent permeation of contents. Plastic packaging or receptacles used for liquid hazardous materials must be capable of withstanding, without failure, the test specified in 49 CFR 173, appendix B, Procedure for Testing Chemical Compatibility and Rate of Permeation in Plastic Packagings and Receptacles. HA3.1.3. Ullage (Outage). Do not entirely fill containers designed to hold liquids. When filling packagings with liquid hazardous material, leave sufficient interior space (outage) to prevent leakage of contents or distortion of containers due to change of temperature during transportation, storage, and handling. For flammable liquids and other volatile liquids with a high coefficient of expansion, a minimum outage of 2 percent at 54 degrees C (130 degrees F), is required. HA3.1.4. Closures. Stoppers, corks, or other such friction-type closures must be held in place securely, tightly, and effectively. Secure screw-type closures on any inside plastic container to prevent the closures from loosening due to vibrations or substantial changes in temperature. Each screw-type closure on any packaging must be secured with pressure-sensitive tape, self-shrinking plastic, wire, a device designed to prevent the cap from loosening, or other positive means to prevent the closure from loosening due to vibration or substantial temperature change (that is, secondary seal). A3.1.5. Inner Packaging. Pack, secure, and cushion inner packagings of combination packagings to prevent breakage or leakage and to control movement within the outer container. Cushioning material must not react dangerously with the contents of the inner packagings. Inner packagings are required as specified by the applicable packaging paragraph. If inner packagings are not required, the packaging paragraph will state that inner packagings are not necessary. See attachment 20 for absorbent cushioning requirements. A3.1.6. Metal Containers. Unless otherwise specified, the maximum capacity of metal drums is 208 L (55 gallons). Do not accept for shipment metal containers having corrosion or dents at the chime or seam, soldered, or welded area. A3.1.7. Indicators. Valves and indicators (with protective caps when required), which are necessary to ensure safe transportation, must be installed in the shipping container. Examples are relief valves (vacuum or pressure), humidity indicators, or leak indicators with adequate sensitivity to alert monitor or crew of imminent danger. A3.1.8. Polymerizable Material. Transportation of any liquid, solid, or gaseous material that may polymerize (combine or react with itself) or decompose so as to cause dangerous evolution of heat or gas under normal transportation conditions is prohibited. Such materials may be offered for transportation when properly stabilized or inhibited. A3.1.9. Solids in a Liquid Single Packaging. A single or composite packaging which is tested and marked for liquid hazardous materials may be filled with a solid hazardous material to a gross mass, in kilograms, not exceeding the rated capacity of the packaging in liters, multiplied by the specific gravity marked on the packaging, or 1.2 if not marked. In addition: