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Page Title: Azimuth or Bearing
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METHODS OF SIGNALING
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Signalman 3 & 2 - Aviation theories and other practices
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FLAG SIGNALING

Flashing light or sound signaling: Usually by the numerals in the Morse code; they may also be spelled  out. Radiotelephone or loud hailer: By the code words of the Figure Spelling Table in chapter 1, section 10, page 18. Figures that form part of the basic signification of a signal are to be sent together with the basic group. Examples: DI 20—I require boats for 20 persons. FJ 2—Position of accident (or survival craft) is marked by sea marker. A  decimal  point  between  numerals  is  to  be signaled as follows: Flag  signaling:  By  inserting  the  ANSWER  pennant where it is desired to express the decimal point. Flashing light and sound signaling: By “decimal point” signal AAA. Voice: By use of the word decimal (pronounced DAY-SEE-MAL). Wherever the text allows depth to be signaled in feet or in meters, the figures should be followed by the letter F to indicate feet or by the letter M to indicate meters. Azimuth or Bearing Azimuth or bearing is expressed in three figures denoting   degrees   from   000   to   359,   measured clockwise. If there is any possibility of confusion, the figures should be preceded by the letter  A. They are  always  true  unless  expressly  stated  to  be otherwise. Examples: LW 005—I received your transmission on bearing 005°. LT A120 T1540—Your bearing from me is 120° at (local time) 1540. Course Course is expressed in three numerals denoting degrees from 000 to 359, measuring clockwise. If there is any possibility of confusion, the numerals should be preceded by the letter C. They are always true unless expressly stated to be otherwise. Examples: MD 025—My course is 025°. GR C240 Sl8—Vessel coming to your rescue is steering course 240°, speed 18 knots. Date Dates are signaled by two, four, or six numerals preceded  by  the  letter  D.  The  first  two  numerals indicate the day of the month; when used alone, they refer to the current month. Example: D15—Transmitted  on  the  15th  of  the  current month. The two numerals that follow indicate the month of the  year. Example: D1504 means 15 April. Where  necessary,  the  year  may  be  indicated  by two  further  numerals. Example: 181096 means 18 October 1996. Latitude Latitude is expressed by four figures preceded by the letter L. The first two figures denote the degrees and the last two the minutes. The letter N (north) or S (south) follows if it is needed; however, to keep things simple, the letter may be omitted if there is no risk of confusion. Example: L3740S—Indicates  latitude  37°40'S. Longitude Longitude is expressed by four or, if necessary, five figures preceded by the letter G. The first two (or three) figures denote the degrees and the last two the minutes. When the longitude is more than 99°, no confusion will normally arise if the figure indicating hundreds of degrees is omitted. However, where it is necessary to avoid confusion, the five figures should be used. The letter E (east) or W (west) follows if it is needed; otherwise it may be omitted, as in the case of latitude. Example: G13925E—Indicates  longitude  139°25'E. 6-3

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