dangerous  to  store  or  handle  and  present  real  or potential  hazards  to  life  and/or  property. HONEYCOMBING—   The  storing  or  withdrawing of supplies in a manner that results in vacant space that is not usable for storage of other items. LAYOUT— A floor plan showing assignment of gross  space  for  storage  operations  and  support functions. MANNED STORAG/RETRIEVAL MACHINE— A  variation  of  the  storage/retrieval  (S/R)  machine containing  an  operator  cab  that  permits  use  of  the machine  for  order  picking. NET  STORAGE  SPACE—  Floor area on which storage racks and/or bins are erected and on which bulk material is or can be stored. ORDER  PICKING  TRUCK—  A  forklift-type  of machine on which the driver rides up and down on the mast  in  an  open  cab. The  vehicle  is  specifically designed for order picking and is not suitable for pallet Storage/retrieval. PALLET  RACKS—  Metal  racks  of  multiple  levels used for the vertical storage of pallets. PLANOGRAPH—  A scale drawing of a storage area showing the approved layout. RACK  ORDER  PICKING—  Order  picking  system in which unopened (full) cases of material are picked from pallets or pallet rack shelving to fill orders. RACK  SPACE-Any   floor  area  identified  as  a specific  location  and  distinguished  from  bulk  storage, occupied by racks, box pallets, or pallets with metal superstructures  installed  when  used  as  permanent storage  aids. STORAGE/RETRIEVAL (S/R) MACHINE—  A specialized machine, usually computer controlled, used for rapid storage and retrieval of materials. STRUCTURAL   LOSS-In   covered   warehouses, this is the gross space that is not usable for storage because of obstructions. These obstructions include the frosts,  pillars,  ramps,  door  clearances,  fire  walls,  and installed  equipment.  Structural  loss  does  not  include the  spaces  used  for  aisles. In open storage, structural losses are spaces taken up by firebreaks and clearances. Firebreak is a barrier of cleared or plowed land intended to check a grass fire. SUPPORT SPACE— The storage space used for receiving,   shipping,   packaging/preservation, inspection/identification, packing, crating, assembly, and offices. It also includes parking areas for material handling equipment (MHE), battery charging stations, rest  rooms,  tool  rooms,  locker  rooms,  time  clock  area, and  break  rooms. SWING ARM SORTER—  A sorting device that uses a pivoting arm to sweep an item off a conveyor and onto the  proper  discharge  lane. TILT  SLAT  SORTER—  A  flat  surface  sorting conveyor  built  of  pivoting  slats.  A  number  of  slats determined by package size are tilted to discharge the item into the proper lane. TOTE BOX— A small durable container usually used for order picking and/or shipping of small items. TOWLINE—  A continuous chain conveyor used to pull  wheeled  carts  around  a  fixed  path.  The  conveyor may be mounted overhead or in the floor. STORAGE ASHORE The basic resource of any storage operation is the storage  space.  The  cost  of  storage  operations  depends upon  the  optimum  use  of  the  space  and  efficient procedures  for  the  receipt,  storage,  and  issue  of materials. Minimizing cost in storage space can be obtained by thorough planning for the use of the space. The  different  types  of  storage  facilities  ashore  are described in detail in the AK3 training manual. The Warehouse  Modernization  and  Layout  Planning  Guide, NAVSUP P-529, provides information in planning the layout  of  modem  storage  facilities. PLANNING THE STORAGE LAYOUT A storage area floor plan layout is an excellent management tool in the effective use of space. The floor plan shows the divisions of space into storage, support areas, and aisles. The floor plan also shows the square footage of gross space, nonstorage space, and the net  space  available  for  storage. The required storage space is the key factor in planning  warehouses  ashore.  Several  factors  are  used in computing the required storage space. These factors include  the  following: l  QUANTITY  OF  INVENTORY.  This  is  the basic part or conversion factor in estimating the required  storage  space. l   CHARACTERISTICS   OF   STORAGE FACILITY. This includes storage limitations 2-2