4. The transfer mainside manifold valves of se- lected  tanks  to  be  filled. 5. Tankside manifold valves of selected tanks to be filled. NOTE Deep  centerline  and  double-bottom  tanks are  typically  filled  first  during  a  refueling  op- eration. The  below-deck  piping  and  valves  are  now aligned  for  receiving  JP-5  aboard. Just before the tanker is received alongside, spe- cific action must be taken by certain departments to ensure maximum safety and security during the re- plenishing  operation. The  officer  of  the  deck  controls  the  smoking lamp. The operations watch officer makes sure certain high-frequency transmitters, radars, and other elec- tronic equipment in the vicinity of the fueling stations are  secured.  The  damage  control  watch  officer  en- sures that additional firemain pumps are put on the line and that AFFF pumping stations are manned. The aviation  fuels  officer  makes  sure  no  mobile  equip- ment or electrical winches (not required in the replen- ishing operation) are operated within 50 feet of the fueling  station. As the ship makes its final approach and steadies alongside, shot lines are sent over from each station. By  these  first  lines,  the  telephone  cables,  distance line, and hose messenger are sent back. As soon as communication is established between stations, the JP-5 below decks supervisor clarifies with the tanker final  information,  such  as  the  tanker’s  maximum pumping rate and discharge pressure and the earner’s maximum  receiving  rate  and  pressure. If acceptable fuel is being received, open the down- comer and close the flushing valve. Start replenish- ment of aviation fuels at a slow rate. When JP-5 enters the tanks, as indicated by the tank  level  indicators  or  sounding  teams,  order  the tanker to start pumping at a normal rate. Log the starting time and continue taking samples to ensure the receipt of clean bright, water-free JP-5. Log the quality of the samples taken and pressure of the JP-5 being  received  at  the  filling  connection. The receiving pressure at the filling connection should be about 40 psi to obtain the designed maxi- mum filling rate. CV/CVNs can typically receive JP-5 at a rate of 360,000 gallons per hour when using two stations. As the storage tanks are being filled, you should check the volume of fuel in each tank by observing the tank level indicators and by sounding the tanks. In general,  the  tanks  nearest  the  downcomer  will  fill first. Begin  sounding  at  the  initial  flow.  Sounding should  be  taken  periodically  until  the  tanks  reach  80 percent  capacity.  From  this  point  on,  soundings should  be  continuous. When 80 percent capacity is reached in the first nest of tanks opened, open the tankside valve to an- other  nest  (minimum  of  six  tanks-three  port  and three starboard) at the same time; throttle the TANK- SIDE valves to the first nest of tanks; and top them off to  at  least  95  percent  capacity.  All  storage  tanks, except  overflow  tanks,  can  be  filled  to  almost  100 percent  to  increase  the  amount  of  fuel  carried  on board. All  storage  tanks  in  one  nest,  both  port  and  star- board,  can  be  opened  for  simultaneous  filling,  but care must be exercised when topping off to prevent overtaxing the overflow line. NOTE CAUTION The actual hookup of the fueling hoses is accomplished by personnel from the deck de- partment. The initial flow of JP-5 is received through the flushing valve and directed into the contaminated set- tling  tanks.  Before  receiving  JP-5  into  the  storage tanks, samples should be taken at the main deck fill connection in containers that permit visual inspection. Overflow  mains  for  overflow  tanks  are typically designed for an overflow rate of 1,500 gpm, and each storage tank has an overflow rate of 500 gpm. After  the  amount  of  JP-5  being  received  per  min- ute has been determined, the tanker can be given an estimated  “stop  pumping”  time. 4-65