work. If the blades are not at right angles to the surface of the work, the edges of the cut will be slightly bent and burred. The bench edge will also act as a guide when you are cutting with the snips. The snips will force the scrap metal down so that it does not interfere with cutting. Any of the hand snips may be used for straight  cuts.  When  notches  are  too  narrow  to  be  cut out  with  a  pair  of  snips,  make  the  side  cuts  with  the snips and cut the base of the notch with a cold chisel. Safety and Care Learn  to  use  snips  properly.  They  should  always be oiled and adjusted to permit ease of cutting and to produce a surface that is free from burrs. If the blades bind or if they are too far spat, the snips should  be  adjusted.  Remember  the  following  safety tips: · Never  use  snips  as  screwdrivers,  hammers,  or pry  bars.  They  break  easily. · Do  not  attempt  to  cut  heavier  materials  than the  snips  are  designed  for.  Never  use  tin  snips  to  cut hardened steel wire or other similar objects. Such use will  dent  or  nick  the  cutting  edges  of  the  blades. · Never toss snips in a toolbox where the cutting  edges  can  come  into  contact  with  other  tools. This  dulls  the  cutting  edges  and  may  even  break  the blades. · When snips are not in use, hang them on hooks  or  lay  them  on  an  uncrowded  shelf  or  bench. HACKSAWS Hacksaws are used to cut metal that is too heavy for  snips  or  boltcutters.  Thus  metal  bar  stock  can  be cut readily with hacksaws. There are two parts to a hacksaw: the frame and the  blade. Common hacksaws have either an adjustable  or  a  solid  frame  (fig.  1-21). Most hacksaws   found   in   the   Navy   are   of   the adjustable-frame  type.  Adjustable  frames  can  be  made to hold blades from 8 to 16 inches long, while those with  solid  frames  take  only  the  length  blade  for  which they are made. This length is the distance between the two pins that hold the blade in place. Figure  1-21.-Hacksaws. Hacksaw  blades  are  made  of  high-grade  tool  steel, hardened  and  tempered.  There  are  two  types,  the all-hard  and  the  flexible.  All-hard  blades  are  hardened throughout,  whereas  only  the  teeth  of  the  flexible blades  are  hardened.  Hacksaw  blades  are  about 1/2-inch wide, have from 14 to 32 teeth per inch, and are from 8 to 16 inches long. The blades have a hole at each end, which hooks to a pin in the frame. All hacksaw  frames,  which  hold  the  blades  either  parallel or at right angles to the frame, are provided with a wingnut or screw to permit tightening or removing the blade. The SET in a saw refers to how much the teeth are  pushed  out  in  opposite  directions  from  the  sides  of the blade. The four different kinds of set are the ALTERNATE set, DOUBLE ALTERNATE set, RAKER set, and WAVE set. Three of these are shown  in  figure  1-22. The teeth in the alternate set are staggered, one to the left and one to the right throughout the length of the blade. On the double alternate set blade, two ajoining  teeth  are  staggered  to  the  right,  two  to  the Figure  1-22.-“Set”  of  hacksaw-blade  teeth. 1-14