Railroad Design and Rehabilitation

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Railroad Design and Rehabilitation
Railroad Design and Rehabilitation
Railroad Design and Rehabilitation - Cont'd
Foreword
Table of Contents
Table of Contents - Cont'd
Table of Contents - Cont'd
Table of Contents - Cont'd
Table of Contents - Cont'd
Tables
Tables - Cont'd
Chapter 1 General
Using the Arema Manual For Railway Engineering
Sources of Assistance
Chapter 2 Determining Traffic and Load Carrying Requirements
Table 2-1. Common Cargo Types and Loading Requirements
Figure 2-1. Common Freight Cars
Table 2-2. Common Car Types and Design Wheel Loads
Locomotive Tractive Effort
Chapter 3 Establishing Profile and Alignment Specifications
Table 3-2. Recommended Minimum Grade Lengths
Figure 3-1. Combining Curves
Table 3-4. Curve Compensation for a 1 Percent Grade
Table 3-5. Estimating Locomotive Tractive Effort
Table 3-6. Design Gross Car Weights
Chapter 4 Route Selection
Reconnaissance
Initial Survey
Trial Location
Final Location
Chapter 5 Rehabilitation: Track, Briges, and Terminals
Figure 5-1. Example Turnout Inspection Information
Structural Evaluation
Operational Evaluation
The Rehabilitation Plan
Final Plans and Specifications
Construction and On-Site Inspection
Chapter 6 Track and Roadway Design
Figure 6-2. Typical Cross Section With Sub-ballast Layer - Tangent Track
Figure 6-4. Typical Cross Section With Sub-ballast Layer - Curved Track
Figure 6-6. Typical Cross Section - Track with Geotextile
Table 6-1. Recommended Transition Rates Between Grades
Horizontal Curves
Table 6-2. Design Super-elevation for Curved Track
Clearances
Figure 6-8. Clearance Diagram for Tangent Track
Table 6-4. Clearance increases Adjacent to Curved Track
Table 6-5. Track Center Distances
Figure 6-10. Example Load Distribution along the Track
Figure 6-11. Example Vertical Pressure Reduction through the Track
Figure 6-12. Maximum Track Deflection and Long-Term Track Performance.
Arema Design Procedure (1995-Modified)
Figure 6-13. Design Wheel Configurations
Table 6-7. Rail Sections
Ties and Tie Spacing
Ballast and Subgrade
Frost Design Modifacations
Figure 6-14. General Method for Determining the Frost Susceptibility of Soils
Figure 6-15. Design Air Freezing indexes in North America
Figure 6-16. Air Freezing index/Surface Cover/Frost Penetration Relationship
Drainage
Figure 6-17. Required Subdrainage where Open Side Ditches cannot be Installed
Figure 6-18. Geotextile Installation under a Turnout
Figure 6-19. Geotextile Installation at a Bridge Abutment
Table 6-8. Recommended Ballast Gradations
Ties and Tie Spacing
Ties and Tie Spacing - Cont'd
Table 6-9. Switch Ties for Standard Turnouts
Figure 6-20. Anti-Splitting Devices for Tie Ends
Table 6-10. Dimension and Surface Specifications for Relay
Rail
Other Track Material
Figure 6-21. Tie Plates
Table 6-11. Common Joint Bolt Diameters
Figure 6-22. Recommended Minimum Rail Anchor Application
Figure 6-23. Rail Anchors
Figure 6-24. Rail Anchor Applications at Open Deck Bridges
Figure 6-25. General Arrangement of Turnouts and Crossovers
Figure 6-26. Parts of a Turnout
Figure 6-27. Determining Frog Number (Turnout Size)
Switch Ties
Layout Data and Dimensions
Figure 6-28. Turnout Design
Track Connections and Ladder Tracks
Figure 6-29. Diverging Route Connection
Figure 6-30. Parallel Siding Connection
Figure 6-31. Ladder Track Layout
Figure 6-32. Location of Derails
Bonded and Grounded Track
Bumping Posts and Wheel Stops
Chapter 7 Road Crossings and Bridges
Table 7-1. Recommended Crossing Surfaces
Table 7-1. Recommended Crossing Surfaces - Cont'd
Figure 7-1. Typical Type 1 Gravel Crossing with Timber Flangeway Header
Figure 7-2. Typical Type 2 Timber Crossing
Figure 7-3. Typical Type 3A Asphalt Crossing
Figure 7-4. Typical Type 3B Asphalt Crossing with Timber Flangeway Header
Figure 7-5. Typical Type 3C 4-Rail Asphalt Crossing
Figure 7-6. Typical Type 3D 6-Rail Asphalt Crossing
Figure 7-7. Typical Type 4A Cast-in-Place Concrete Crossing
Figure 7-8. Typical Type 4B Prefabricated Concrete Panel Crossing
Figure 7-9. Typical Type 4C Sectional Monolithic Concrete (No Ties)
Figure 7-11. Rubber Flangeway Fillers
Flangeways
Type 4B Prefabricated Concrete Panel Crossing
Figure 7-12. Lagless Concrete Panel Crossing
Figure 7-14. Typical Drainage at Road Crossings.
Figure 7-15. Recommended Track Construction for Road Crossings
Figure 7-16. Recommended Crossing Road Approach Profile
Figure 7-17. Clear Crossing Visibility Area for Approaching Vehicles
Table 7-2. Clear Visibility Distance at Road Crossings
Bridges
Figure 7-19. Cooper Load Configuration for Bridges
Figure 7-20. Variation in Cooper E Value with Span Length
Table 7-3. Recommended Cooper Design Load for Bridges
Chapter 8 Terminals
Figure 8-1. Typical Small Yard with Storm Drainage
Clearances and Usable Track Length
Figure 8-2. Vehicle Terminal
Staging Area
Figure 8-4. Concrete End Ramp
Figure 8-5. Portable Multilevel Ramp
Figure 8-6. Concrete Side Ramp.
Ammunition Terminals
Figure 8-7. Interchange Yard
Yard, Storage, and Other Auxiliary Tracks
Figure 8-8. Auxiliary Tracks
Miscellaneous Buildings
Security Fencing
Chapter 9 Construction
Subgrade and Drainage
Ballast Unloading
Table 9-2. Rail Joint Gap.
Quality Control/Quality Assurance
Appendix A References
Appendix A References - Cont'd
Appendix B Ruling Grade - Example Problem
Appendix B Ruling Grade - Example Problem - Cont'd
Table B-1. Curve Compensation for a 1.16% Grade.
Appendix C Sample Track Rehabilitation Report
Summary
Summary - Cont'd
Contents
Contents - Cont'd
List of Tables and Figures
1 Introduction
Approach
2 Operational Evaluation
Figure C-1. Track Diagram for fort Example
Table C-1. Key to Track Names and Station Locations
Plates/Fastenings
Ballast
Vegetation
Road Crossings
Bridges
4 Structural Analysis
5 Analysis of Major Deficiencies
Turnout Defects
Loose or Missing Track Fastenings
Vegetation In or Near the Track
Table C-2. Cost Estimate Summary
Phase 1
Remedial Actions
Remedial Actions - Cont'd
Remedial Actions - Cont'd
Table C-3. Road Crossing Repair/Rebuilding
Table C-3. Road Crossing Repair/Rebuilding - Cont'd
Tie Replacement
Restore Turnouts
Table C-4. Turnout Rehabilitation
Apply Rail Anchors
Table C-5. Ballast and Surfacing Locations
Surface Track/Reshape Ballast Section
Herbicide Application
Quality Control Inspection
7 Conclusions and Recommendations
Trial Location

Railroad Design and Rehabilitation

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