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Army Medical Diseases of Military ImportanceDiseases of Military ImportanceDevelopmentTable of ContentsTable of Contents-cont.IntroductionProcedures for Subcourse CompletionStudent Comment SheetLesson AssignmentLesson 1: General ConceptsPrevalence of Disease in PeacetimeFormulate Preventive Medicine Measures with the Mission in Mind.Section II. Communcable DiseasesCommunicable Disease ControlControl Measures Applicable to the SourceControl Methods Applicable to the VehicleClassification of Communicable DiseaseFigure 1-3. One method of classifying communicable diseasesExercises, Lesson 1Exercises, Lesson 1-cont.Solutions to Exercises, Lesson 1Lesson AssignmentLesson 2: Food-and-Water-Borne DiseasesMilitary ImportanceExample: German Troops at El Alamein.The Food PoisoningsBacterial Intoxication. Botulism.Bacterial Infections. Typhoid FeverCholeraBacillary Dysentery (Shigellosis)Amebiasis (Amebic Dysentery)Figure 2-2. Life cycle of Entamoeba histolytica, the agent, which causes amebic dysenteryTrichinosisFigure 2-3. Life cycle of Trichinella spiralis, the garbage worm, the agent that causes trichinosis.Life Cycle of Trichina Parasite.Parasitic Worm InfestationsTapeworms (Taeniasis)Fluke InfestationsFigure 2-4. Life cycle of a typical fluke.Signs/Symptoms.Schistosomiasis (Bilharziasis)Life Cycle of Schistosomes.Clinical Symptoms of Schistosomiasis.Dealing with cercariae. Section II. Control Measures of Food-and-Water-Borne DiseasesMeasures Applicable to the VehicleFoodstuffs. Poultry and meats.Cleanliness of Equipment and UtensilsManual dishwashing.Sanitary FacilitiesInsect arid Rodent ControlFood Service Inspections.Installation commandersMeasures Applicable to the Susceptible PersonExercises, Lesson 2Exercises, Lesson 2-cont.Exercises, Lesson 2-cont.Solutions to Exercises, Lesson 2Lesson AssignmentLesson 3: Respiratory DiseasesFactors in Transmission: Military FactorsSusceptibility in Recruits.Military Importance of Respiratory DiseasesCommon Respiratory Diseases: Primary Atypical Pneumonia (PAP)Common Respiratory Diseases: InfluenzaTable 3-1. Classification of acute respiratory diseasesVirus Diseases Presenting Non-Respiratory Symptoms: MumpsBacterial Infections: Meningococcal MeningitisPrevention/Control Measures.Bacterial Infection: Streptococcal InfectionsBacterial Infections: DiphtheriaBacterial Infections: TuberculosisOther Respiratory DiseasesSection II. Troop Housing and Respiratory Disease ControlOvercrowdingCubicalizationVentilation, Temperature, and HumidityVentilation and Activity in a Room. Dust ControlSpecial Measures Applicable to RecruitsPhysical TrainingExercises, Lesson 3Exercises, Lesson 3-cont.Exercises, Lesson 3-cont.Solutions to Exercises, Lesson 3Solutions to Exercises, Lesson 3-cont.Lesson AssignmentLesson 4: Injuries Due to Environmental ExtremesThe Impact of Cold Injury on the Military.Factors Influencing the Incidence of Cold InjuriesDuration of Exposure.Previous Cold Injury.The Wind Chill ChartTable 4-1. Wind chill chart.Prevention of Cold InjuriesMeteorological Data.Clothing.Signs and Symptoms of FrostbiteTreatment for Types of Cold Injuries. Immersion Syndrome.Hypothermia.Section II. Environmental Heat InjuriesOther Factors Affecting Heat LossTypes of Heat InjurySigns and Symptoms.Heat ExhaustionHeatstroke (Sunstroke)Prevention of Adverse Effects of HeatWaterAcclimatizationThe Process of Acclimatization.Work SchedulesRest BreaksSpecial Considerations in Recruit TrainingThe Radiant Heat Factor.Advantages and Disadvantages of Each MeasurementWet Bulb Thermometer. Figure 4-1. WBGT field apparatus.Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) IndexUse of the WBGT IndexRecommended Water Intake and Rest BreaksTable 4-3. Heat injury prevention chart: water intake and work/rest cycles.Exercises, Lesson 4 Exercises, Lesson 4-cont.Exercises, Lesson 4-cont.Exercises, Lesson 4-cont.Exercises, Lesson 4-cont.Exercises, Lesson 4-cont.Solutions to Exercises, Lesson 4Solutions to Exercises, Lesson 4-cont.Lesson AssignmentLesson 5: Arthropod-Borne DiseasesHow Arthropods Affect Man's HealthArthropod-Borne PathogensMechanisms of Disease TransmissionSection II. Mosquito-Borne DiseasesSection III. Mosquito-Borne Diseases-MalariaTable 5-1. Principal mosquito-borne diseases, vectors, and areas of occurrence.HistoryEtiologyFigure 5-3. Three mosquito vectors of primary military importance.Incubation Period.Figure 5-4. Life cycle of Plasmodium, the malaria parasite.Malaria Prevention and ControlPersonal Protective MeasuresChemical Repellents--DEET. chemoprophylaxisPlan for Troops Exposed to Malaria.Section IV. Environmental Control of the MosquitoDestruction of Adult MosquitoesVectors with Physiological Resistance to Insecticides.Area Control.Control of Mosquito breedingSection V. Mosquito-Borne Diseases-Arbovirus DiseasesYellow FeverThe EncephalitidesSection VI. Mosquito-Borne Diseases-FilariasisSection VII. Fly-Borne DiseasesFifth Flies As Disease Transmitters.Control of Filth Flies. SandfliesSandfly FeverLeishmaniasisAfrican Trypanosomiasis (African Sleeping Sickness)Section VIII. Flea-Borne DiseasesFigure 5-11. Typical life cycle of a flea.Plague (Black Death)Bubonic Plague.Tonsillar Septicemic Plague.Prevention and Control Measures Applicable to the Source.Prevention and Control Measures Applicable to the Vehicle.Endemic TyphusSection IX. Tick-Borne DiseasesRocky Mountain Spotted FeverPreventionPersonal Protection MeasuresUnit Control MeasuresRussian Spring-Summer EncephalitisSection X. Mite-Borne DiseasesScrub TyphusFigure 5-16. The transmission cycle of scrub typhus in nature.Scabies Figure 5-17. Life cycle of scabies mite.Section XI. Louse-Borne DiseasesThe Head Louse. Epidemic Typhus and Relapsing FeverPrevention and Control of Louse InfestationsTroops in Civilian Louse-Infested Areas.Mass Delousing. Power dusters. Exercises, Lesson 5Exercises, Lesson 5-cont.Exercises, Lesson 5-cont.Exercises, Lesson 5-cont.Exercises, Lesson 5-cont.Solutions to Exercises, Lesson 5Solutions to Exercises, Lesson 5-cont.Lesson AssignmentLesson 6: Pest Management in a Field EnvironmentSection II. Organization for Arthropod-Borne Disease ControlToe Preventive Medicine PersonnelPreventive Medicine TeamsSection III. Pest Control OperationsTable 6-1. Arthropod control capabilities.Preventive Medicine DetachmentsSection IV. Pesticides and the EnvironmentSection V. InsecticidesSynthetic Organic InsecticidesBiological AgentsSection VI. RodenticidesPreparation/UseSection VII. FumigantsSection VIII. Pesticide SafetyToxicityFirst AidAntidotesEnvironmental ContaminationWater Route. Soil Route-cont.Exercises, Lesson 6Exercises, Lesson 6-cont.Exercises, Lesson 6-cont.Solutions to Exercises, Lesson 6Solutions to Exercises, Lesson 6-cont.Lesson AssignmentLesson 7: Miscellaneous Diseases and ImmunizationsClinical Picture of Hepatitis. Figure 7-1. Range of hepatitis symptomsTable 7-1. Types of hepatitis + pertinent information.Table 7-2. Hepatitis--methods of control-cont.Table 7-2. Hepatitis--methods of control-concludedSection II. TetanusSection III. Zoonoses: RabiesRabies PreventionSection IV. Zoonoses: LeptospirosisPreventive MeasuresTypes of VaccinesPassive Immunity.The Army Immunization ProgramRoutine ImmunizationsMeasles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR).ChemoprophylaxisBiological Warfare DefenseRecords for Military PersonnelAbbreviations & AcronymsExercises, Lesson 7Exercises, Lesson 7-cont.Exercises, Lesson 7-cont.Solution to Exercises, Lesson 7Appendix: Food Inspection Service GuideLatrines.Dining hall. (AR 40-5, TM 10-405)Kitchen. (AR 420-55)Worktables.Dishwashing. (AR 40-5/TB MED 530)Emergency disinfection.Grease Traps (AR 420-49, AR 420-55)Pantries and storeroom.Dining hall area.Garbage cans. (AR 40-5)Food supplies.Food preparation and serving.Comment Sheet
Army Medical
Diseases of Military ImportanceDiseases of Military ImportanceDevelopmentTable of ContentsTable of Contents-cont.IntroductionProcedures for Subcourse CompletionStudent Comment SheetLesson AssignmentLesson 1: General ConceptsPrevalence of Disease in PeacetimeFormulate Preventive Medicine Measures with the Mission in Mind.Section II. Communcable DiseasesCommunicable Disease ControlControl Measures Applicable to the SourceControl Methods Applicable to the VehicleClassification of Communicable DiseaseFigure 1-3. One method of classifying communicable diseasesExercises, Lesson 1Exercises, Lesson 1-cont.Solutions to Exercises, Lesson 1Lesson AssignmentLesson 2: Food-and-Water-Borne DiseasesMilitary ImportanceExample: German Troops at El Alamein.The Food PoisoningsBacterial Intoxication. Botulism.Bacterial Infections. Typhoid FeverCholeraBacillary Dysentery (Shigellosis)Amebiasis (Amebic Dysentery)Figure 2-2. Life cycle of Entamoeba histolytica, the agent, which causes amebic dysenteryTrichinosisFigure 2-3. Life cycle of Trichinella spiralis, the garbage worm, the agent that causes trichinosis.Life Cycle of Trichina Parasite.Parasitic Worm InfestationsTapeworms (Taeniasis)Fluke InfestationsFigure 2-4. Life cycle of a typical fluke.Signs/Symptoms.Schistosomiasis (Bilharziasis)Life Cycle of Schistosomes.Clinical Symptoms of Schistosomiasis.Dealing with cercariae. Section II. Control Measures of Food-and-Water-Borne DiseasesMeasures Applicable to the VehicleFoodstuffs. Poultry and meats.Cleanliness of Equipment and UtensilsManual dishwashing.Sanitary FacilitiesInsect arid Rodent ControlFood Service Inspections.Installation commandersMeasures Applicable to the Susceptible PersonExercises, Lesson 2Exercises, Lesson 2-cont.Exercises, Lesson 2-cont.Solutions to Exercises, Lesson 2Lesson AssignmentLesson 3: Respiratory DiseasesFactors in Transmission: Military FactorsSusceptibility in Recruits.Military Importance of Respiratory DiseasesCommon Respiratory Diseases: Primary Atypical Pneumonia (PAP)Common Respiratory Diseases: InfluenzaTable 3-1. Classification of acute respiratory diseasesVirus Diseases Presenting Non-Respiratory Symptoms: MumpsBacterial Infections: Meningococcal MeningitisPrevention/Control Measures.Bacterial Infection: Streptococcal InfectionsBacterial Infections: DiphtheriaBacterial Infections: TuberculosisOther Respiratory DiseasesSection II. Troop Housing and Respiratory Disease ControlOvercrowdingCubicalizationVentilation, Temperature, and HumidityVentilation and Activity in a Room. Dust ControlSpecial Measures Applicable to RecruitsPhysical TrainingExercises, Lesson 3Exercises, Lesson 3-cont.Exercises, Lesson 3-cont.Solutions to Exercises, Lesson 3Solutions to Exercises, Lesson 3-cont.Lesson AssignmentLesson 4: Injuries Due to Environmental ExtremesThe Impact of Cold Injury on the Military.Factors Influencing the Incidence of Cold InjuriesDuration of Exposure.Previous Cold Injury.The Wind Chill ChartTable 4-1. Wind chill chart.Prevention of Cold InjuriesMeteorological Data.Clothing.Signs and Symptoms of FrostbiteTreatment for Types of Cold Injuries. Immersion Syndrome.Hypothermia.Section II. Environmental Heat InjuriesOther Factors Affecting Heat LossTypes of Heat InjurySigns and Symptoms.Heat ExhaustionHeatstroke (Sunstroke)Prevention of Adverse Effects of HeatWaterAcclimatizationThe Process of Acclimatization.Work SchedulesRest BreaksSpecial Considerations in Recruit TrainingThe Radiant Heat Factor.Advantages and Disadvantages of Each MeasurementWet Bulb Thermometer. Figure 4-1. WBGT field apparatus.Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) IndexUse of the WBGT IndexRecommended Water Intake and Rest BreaksTable 4-3. Heat injury prevention chart: water intake and work/rest cycles.Exercises, Lesson 4 Exercises, Lesson 4-cont.Exercises, Lesson 4-cont.Exercises, Lesson 4-cont.Exercises, Lesson 4-cont.Exercises, Lesson 4-cont.Solutions to Exercises, Lesson 4Solutions to Exercises, Lesson 4-cont.Lesson AssignmentLesson 5: Arthropod-Borne DiseasesHow Arthropods Affect Man's HealthArthropod-Borne PathogensMechanisms of Disease TransmissionSection II. Mosquito-Borne DiseasesSection III. Mosquito-Borne Diseases-MalariaTable 5-1. Principal mosquito-borne diseases, vectors, and areas of occurrence.HistoryEtiologyFigure 5-3. Three mosquito vectors of primary military importance.Incubation Period.Figure 5-4. Life cycle of Plasmodium, the malaria parasite.Malaria Prevention and ControlPersonal Protective MeasuresChemical Repellents--DEET. chemoprophylaxisPlan for Troops Exposed to Malaria.Section IV. Environmental Control of the MosquitoDestruction of Adult MosquitoesVectors with Physiological Resistance to Insecticides.Area Control.Control of Mosquito breedingSection V. Mosquito-Borne Diseases-Arbovirus DiseasesYellow FeverThe EncephalitidesSection VI. Mosquito-Borne Diseases-FilariasisSection VII. Fly-Borne DiseasesFifth Flies As Disease Transmitters.Control of Filth Flies. SandfliesSandfly FeverLeishmaniasisAfrican Trypanosomiasis (African Sleeping Sickness)Section VIII. Flea-Borne DiseasesFigure 5-11. Typical life cycle of a flea.Plague (Black Death)Bubonic Plague.Tonsillar Septicemic Plague.Prevention and Control Measures Applicable to the Source.Prevention and Control Measures Applicable to the Vehicle.Endemic TyphusSection IX. Tick-Borne DiseasesRocky Mountain Spotted FeverPreventionPersonal Protection MeasuresUnit Control MeasuresRussian Spring-Summer EncephalitisSection X. Mite-Borne DiseasesScrub TyphusFigure 5-16. The transmission cycle of scrub typhus in nature.Scabies Figure 5-17. Life cycle of scabies mite.Section XI. Louse-Borne DiseasesThe Head Louse. Epidemic Typhus and Relapsing FeverPrevention and Control of Louse InfestationsTroops in Civilian Louse-Infested Areas.Mass Delousing. Power dusters. Exercises, Lesson 5Exercises, Lesson 5-cont.Exercises, Lesson 5-cont.Exercises, Lesson 5-cont.Exercises, Lesson 5-cont.Solutions to Exercises, Lesson 5Solutions to Exercises, Lesson 5-cont.Lesson AssignmentLesson 6: Pest Management in a Field EnvironmentSection II. Organization for Arthropod-Borne Disease ControlToe Preventive Medicine PersonnelPreventive Medicine TeamsSection III. Pest Control OperationsTable 6-1. Arthropod control capabilities.Preventive Medicine DetachmentsSection IV. Pesticides and the EnvironmentSection V. InsecticidesSynthetic Organic InsecticidesBiological AgentsSection VI. RodenticidesPreparation/UseSection VII. FumigantsSection VIII. Pesticide SafetyToxicityFirst AidAntidotesEnvironmental ContaminationWater Route. Soil Route-cont.Exercises, Lesson 6Exercises, Lesson 6-cont.Exercises, Lesson 6-cont.Solutions to Exercises, Lesson 6Solutions to Exercises, Lesson 6-cont.Lesson AssignmentLesson 7: Miscellaneous Diseases and ImmunizationsClinical Picture of Hepatitis. Figure 7-1. Range of hepatitis symptomsTable 7-1. Types of hepatitis + pertinent information.Table 7-2. Hepatitis--methods of control-cont.Table 7-2. Hepatitis--methods of control-concludedSection II. TetanusSection III. Zoonoses: RabiesRabies PreventionSection IV. Zoonoses: LeptospirosisPreventive MeasuresTypes of VaccinesPassive Immunity.The Army Immunization ProgramRoutine ImmunizationsMeasles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR).ChemoprophylaxisBiological Warfare DefenseRecords for Military PersonnelAbbreviations & AcronymsExercises, Lesson 7Exercises, Lesson 7-cont.Exercises, Lesson 7-cont.Solution to Exercises, Lesson 7Appendix: Food Inspection Service GuideLatrines.Dining hall. (AR 40-5, TM 10-405)Kitchen. (AR 420-55)Worktables.Dishwashing. (AR 40-5/TB MED 530)Emergency disinfection.Grease Traps (AR 420-49, AR 420-55)Pantries and storeroom.Dining hall area.Garbage cans. (AR 40-5)Food supplies.Food preparation and serving.Comment Sheet
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