Laboratory Procedures

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Laboratory Procedures
Laboratory Procedures
General
General (continued)
Table of Contents
Introduction to Laboratory Procedures
Lesson 1. The Photographic Process
Types of chemicals.
Figure 1-1. Photographic chemicals used by the military
Figure 1-2. Black and white mixing instructions
Summary.
Figure 1-3. Color mixing instruction sheet
Figure 1-4. Identification of various films
Figure 1-4. Identification of various films (cont)
Figure 1-5. Sheet film identification notches
The processing sequence.
Figure 1-7. Developing process
Type of developer.
Figure 1-8. Time-temperature development graph
Stop bath.
Fixing film.
Types of fixing baths.
Figure 1-9. Rate of hypo elimination from a negative
Tray Processing Sheet Film.
Figure 1-10. Arrangement of trays in tray processing
Tank processing of sheet film.
Figure 1-11. Cut film agitation
Processing roll film in large tank.
Processing roll film in a daylight tank.
Learning Event 3: Describe Photographic Paper
Figure -12. Cross section of a sheet of photographic printing paper
Development papers.
Graded contrast papers.
Paper - base, surface texture, weight, and size.
Paper - base, surface texture, weight, and size. (Cont)
Individual listings of paper
Table 1-1. Paper surfaces and weights
Learning Event 4: Describe Print Processing
Developing paper using tray method
Washing and drying paper.
Learning Event 5: Describe Ektamatic Print Processing
Processing methods.
Assemble and level the processor.
Figure 1-14. Rack assembly on the solution tray
Figure 1-15. Housing Assembly
Figure 1-17. Solution level valves
Figure 1-18. Processor complete
To prevent the lightweight paper from wrapping around the rollers
Practice Exercise
Practice Exercise (Cont)
Practice Exercise (Cont)
Practice Exercise (Cont)
Lesson 2. Produce a photographic print
Contact printing equipment.
Figure 2-1. Photographic contact printer EN22A
Contact printing steps
Figure 2-2. Printing frame
The procedure for making a contact printing test
Figure 2-3. Making a test strip
The procedure for making contact prints
Controls in contact printing.
Learning Event 2: Describe Projection Printing
The major components of a projection printer
Figure 2-4. Typical projection printer
Manually operated projection printers.
Printer and easel adjustment (composition).
Printer and easel adjustment (composition). (Cont)
Test exposure.
Figure 2-7. Sample photos
Figure 2-7. Sample photos (Cont)
Figure 2-8. Test print
Figure 2-9. Using the hands as a dodging device
Figure 2-10. Using a wire-supported dodging device
Figure 2-11. Using a burning-in device
Distortion control.
Figure 2-12. Correction by tilting the easel
Learning Event 3: Describe Print Finishing
Print toning.
Mounting.
Figure 2-14. Method of optical centering
Dry mounting procedure.
Figure 2-15. Tacking iron
Dry mounting procedure. (Cont)
Practice Exercise
Practice Exercise (Cont)
Lesson 3. Photographic Quality Control
Cleanliness.
Cleanliness. (Cont)
Visual quality assurance.
Mechanical negative defects.
Chemical negative defects.
Learning Event 2: Quality Control During Processing
Time-temperature charts.
Figure 3-1. Time-temperature chart
Evidence of developer exhaustion.
We must analyze what happens to each component of the developer.
Procedures for replenishment.
Measurement of pH.
pH values.
The pH meter
The pH meter (Cont)
Practice Exercise
Summary
Answers to Practice Exercises
Answers to Practice Exercises (cont)
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Laboratory Procedures

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