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Movement of Wind around Cyclones
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Aerographers Mate, Module 05-Basic Meteorology
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SECONDARY CIRCULATION

PG = D+ CF Centrifugal  force  acts  with  the  pressure  gradient force when the circulation is anticyclonic and against the  pressure  gradient  force  when  the  circulation  is cyclonic.  Therefore,  wind  velocity  is  greater  in  an anticyclone  than  in  a  cyclone  of  the  same  isobaric spacing. Variations It has been determined that, given the same density, pressure  gradient,  and  latitude,  the  wind  is  weaker around  a  low-pressure  cell  than  a  high-pressure  cell. This  is  also  true  for  gradient  and  geostrophic  winds. The  wind  we  observe  on  a  synoptic  chart  is  usually stronger  around  low  cells  than  high  cells  because  the pressure    gradient    is    usually    stronger    around    the low-pressure cell. Geostrophic and Gradient Wind Scales The geostrophic wind is stronger than the gradient wind around a low and is weaker than a gradient wind around  a  high.  This  is  why  the  isobar  spacing  and contour  spacing,  for  a  curved  flow,  differs  from  that determined  by  a  geostrophic  wind  scale.  If  the  flow under consideration is around a high-pressure cell, the isobars    are    farther    apart    than    indicated    by    the geostrophic   wind   scale.   If   the   flow   is   around   a low-pressure  cell,  the  isobars  are  closer  together  than indicated by the geostrophic wind scale. Geostrophic  and  gradient  wind  scales  are  used  to determine  the  magnitude  of  these  winds  (based  on isobar or contour spacing) and to determine the isobar or  contour  spacing  (based  on  observed  wind  speeds). There  are  a  number  of  scales  available  for  measuring geostrophic and gradient flow of both surface and upper air charts. Weather    plotting    charts    used    by    the    Naval Oceanography Command has geostrophic wind scales printed on them for both isobaric and contour spacing. The most common scales in general use can be used for both surface and upper air charts. The scales are in 4mb and 60m intervals. An example of a geostrophic wind scale   is   shown   in   figure   3-13.   Note   that   latitude 3-13 L A T I T U D E MAP SCALE = ________ True at lat. ________ ISOBARIC INTERVAL = 4MB DENSITY AT SEA LEVEL AG5f0313 VELOCITY (KNOTS 20 25 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 100 100 150 50 50 7.5 7.5 6 6 5 5 10 10 30 30 20 20 15 15 90 70 80 75 40 60 35 O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 25 10 Figure 3-13.—Geostrophic wind scale.

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