terrain,  and  some  even  may  have  made  it  their home.  With  varying  degrees  of  effort,  they managed to adjust to the terrain, climate, and en- vironment.  Your  problem  is  you  are  not  prepared to live there; you never expected your plane to crash-land  in  a  jungle  or  some  other  remote  area. Remember your goal in a survival situation ashore is to get back to friendly forces. If you are isolated in an enemy area, you have the major problem  of  avoiding  the  enemy  (evasion).  If  you are captured, you have the problem of surviving the  prisoner-of-war  (POW)  camp. Evasion In a survival situation within enemy territory, you  must  focus  on  evasion  of  the  enemy. Therefore,  you  need  to  know  the  two  methods  the enemy  uses  to  detect  your  presence: 1.  Observation  by  specially  trained  and  equip- ped observation teams. The teams may be situated on high terrain to scan the area with a variety of detection devices, such as binoculars, telescopes, and  sound-detection  equipment. 2.   The   use   of   dogs,   foot   patrols,   and mechanized units to patrol a given area. Such teams physically search an area for signs of evaders  and  escapees,  such  as  footprints,  cold campfires, or discarded or lost equipment. One way you can protect yourself and your group from the eyes of the enemy is by using camouflage.  Camouflage  is  a  major  evasion  tac- tic used to hide an object, personnel, or equip- ment.  Camouflage  permits  you  to  see  without being seen. If you are in charge of a large group hiding from the enemy, first break the group into many small  groups.  Small  groups  are  easier  to  conceal. The  enemy  may  estimate  your  location  from  your actual movements or from physical signs left when you  moved  through  an  area.  Your  position;  shape; shadow;  or  color  of  equipment,  vehicles,  or  per- sons  can  also  reveal  your  location  in  the  follow- ing ways: POSITION:  An  observer  can  easily  see  the place of concealment if a person or an object doesn’t blend in with the back- ground.  When  you  choose  a  position  for concealment,  use  a  background  that  will absorb  personnel  or  an  object. SHAPE: At a distance, an observer can recognize the form or outline of an object before  the  details  can  be  seen.  When transiting  from  area  to  area,  use  available cover, such as bushes, trees, and rock formations, to distort your shape. SHADOW: Since shadows may be more revealing  than  the  object  itself,  place objects in the shadows of other objects to make them easier to overlook. COLOR: Contrast between the color of an object  and  its  background  makes  a  person or object easily visible. The greater the con- trast in color, the greater the visibility. Therefore,  as  a  general  principle,  the camouflage  should  match  the  darker  and medium  light  colors  of  the  background. Using vegetation and other materials found locally to screen and stain equip- ment  makes  it  blend  into  the  background. Moonlit  nights  require  the  same  precau- tions  as  those  used  in  daylight. Conceal your presence when traveling by using screens, backgrounds, and shadows to the fullest advantage.  Under  favorable  conditions  enemy observers can see as far as 100 yards in open woods. Since even a dark night furnishes shadows, choose  a  route  that  provides  a  concealing background and avoids the skyline. On bright, moonlit  nights  the  shadows  along  the  edge  of  the woods make the best route. Sound gives an amplified,  revealing  signal  at  night.  Move  care- fully, quietly, and close to the ground. In areas of light undergrowth, take the route farthest  into  the  woods  for  safety.  Heavier undergrowth  is  an  obstacle  to  movement. Therefore, when rapid movement is more impor- tant than full concealment, travel along the out- side  edge  of  the  woods. Although  concealing  your  presence  is  of  major importance,  the  most  common  deterrent  to  suc- cessful  evasion  is  a  negative  attitude.  If  you  have a  positive  attitude,  you  have  the  natural  tendency to  take  positive  action.  A  negative  attitude  may be caused by, related to, or a lack of the fol- lowing: · Patience · Common sense · Flexibility · Resourcefulness · Security 6-17