of improving safety. Never try to obtain written statements  or  record  the  information  verbatim. INDIVIDUALS   INTERVIEWED   DURING INVESTIGATIONS  CONDUCTED  PUR- SUANT  TO  OPNAVINST  5102.1C  SHALL NOT   TESTIFY   UNDER   OATH   AND SHALL  BE  ADVISED  THAT  THEIR STATEMENTS   ARE   FOR   ONE   PUR- POSE   ONLY—THE   PREVENTION   OF FURTHER   MISHAPS.   INFORMATION OBTAINED DURING ANY INVESTIGA- TION  PURSUANT  TO  OPNAVINST 5102.1C SHALL NOT BE USED AS THE BASIS  FOR  ANY  ADMINISTRATIVE, REGULATORY,   DISCIPLINARY,   OR CRIMINAL  PROCEEDING  WITHIN THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  NAVY. —Handbook  for  the  Conduct of  Forces  Afloat  Safety Investigations The  following  are  some  basic  guidelines  you should  observe  during  your  investigation: • • • • • Never delay medical treatment to interview a  person. Let  the  witness  tell  you  what  happened. Interview witnesses separately. Ask  only  one  question  at  a  time. If  a  witness  refers  to  “they,”  determine exactly  who  “they”  are.  If  nothing  else, get  a  description  and  send  an  investigation team  out  to  locate  “they.” Sometimes  you  will  find  that  reconstructing the mishap will help you get a clear picture of how the  mishap  occurred.  Have  those  who  take  part in recreating the mishap proceed up to the point of  the  mishap.  Beyond  the  point  of  the  mishap, talk about the action taken and walk through the steps. Many times you will discover the cause of the  mishap  through  the  reconstruction. CAUSE  FACTORS Your  investigative  procedures  should  have answered the what, when, and where questions. Next  you  must  investigate  the  how  and  why. Review  the  evidence  gathered  in  an  analytical fashion to determine if you can answer how and why the mishap occurred.  DON'T  OVERLOOK THE OBVIOUS. Since most mishaps are caused by  people,  look  to  see  if  the  personnel  involved were affected by any of the following conditions: Physical condition: drunk, hangover, drug affected   (prescribed   or   unauthorized), tired,  ill,  or  hungry Mental   attitude:   worried,   frightened, bored,  depressed,  distracted,  day  dream- ing,   confused,   or   complacent Attitude   toward   shipmates:   distrustful, overtrusting,  or  contemptuous State  of  training  for  the  task:  formally trained, trained on-the-job, team trained, overtrained, or insufficient mental ability for  needed  training Next,  look  to  see  if  any  of  the  following environmental conditions could have contributed Environment:  hot,  cold,  humid,  dusty, too  bright,  too  dark,  too  noisy,  smokey, windy,  or  cramped Equipment  being  operated:  controls  poorly located,  instruments  unreadable,  design non-standard, operating procedure inade- quate,  maintenance  manual  incomplete,  or access  difficult Clothing  and  outfits:  adequate,  burden- some,  or  clumsy TYPES  OF  MISHAP  REPORTS Mishap  Investigation  and  Reporting,   OP- NAVINST  5102.1C,  prescribes  the  format  to  be used  in  reporting  most  mishaps.  It  defines  the various  categories  of  reportable  circumstances,  the format  used  for  specific  categories,  and  the entries  required  in  each  section  of  the  report. The  formats  discussed  in  this  instruction  are designed  to  assist  the  investigator  in  determining all  the  factors  previously  mentioned,  with particular emphasis on the question  why. A brief description  of  these  reports  and  their  uses  follows: 1.   Personnel   Injury/Death/Occupational Illness  Report,  OPNAV  5102-1—Used  to  report mishap  injury,  death,  or  occupational  illness  of all military personnel attached to Navy units or 8-3 to the mishap: