TAKE   INITIATIVE.   —To   take   initiative, develop  the  following  aptitudes: 1.  Start  new  actions  or  plans  without  being told. 2.  Anticipate  situations  rather  than  react  to them. 3.  Take  resourceful  and  persistent  action. Supervision Supervision is the ability of a leader to get a job  done,  oversee  the  work  process,  and  coordi- nate  efforts  toward  task  completion.  The  super- vision  skill  group  includes  six  of  the  leadership skills: 1.  Planning  and  organizing 2.  Optimizing  use  of  resources 3.  Delegating 4.  Monitoring  results 5.   Rewarding 6.   Disciplining PLANNING  AND  ORGANIZING.  —When planning   and   organizing   how   to   do   a   job   or correct  a  problem,  first  arrange  the  activities, people,  or  materials  involved  into  a  sensible  order. For  example,  you  might  arrange  them  by  priority, sequence,  position  in  the  chain  of  command,  or administrative   functions.   Whatever   order   you decide  to  use,  plan  and  organize  so  that  you proceed  from  the  problem  to  a  goal. First you must determine the specific steps you must take to get the job done. List and figure the equipment,  time,  and  manpower  needed  for  the job. Try to foresee any problems that might arise. Ask yourself, Are time, equipment, or personnel scarce? Do the personnel assigned have the skills or  knowledge  to  perform  the  assigned  tasks? Next   list   your   plans   in   their   order   of importance. What must be done now? What can be left until later? By deciding the order in which you must carry out your plans, you can set up a plan  of  action. A plan of action lists who will do what tasks at what period. Take time to write down a plan of action. Doing that will help you work around obstacles, such as times your people will be away from  the  work  center. Taking  the  following  steps  will  allow  you  to plan   for   interruptions   and   still   complete   the assigned task in the most efficient and effective manner. 1.    Identify    action    steps,    resources,    or obstacles  involved  in  reaching  a  goal. 2.   Prepare   a   schedule. 3.   Set   priorities. These  steps  will  allow  you  to  plan  for interruptions  and  still  complete  the  assigned  task in  the  most  efficient  and  effective  manner. OPTIMIZING USE OF RESOURCES. —Use all  division  personnel.  Try  to  make  every  job meaningful by matching the right people with the right  job.  Matching  your  people  with  jobs  they like to do and do well shows them you think their job is important. When you give your people jobs they  have  no  interest  in,  they  become  bored. Rotate  your  people,  because  doing  the  same job day after day gets old. Rotating your people gives  them  varied  experience  and  training opportunities.  It  also  ensures  you  will  have  people who  can  do  the  work  if  someone  is  on  leave  or gets transferred. Use the following guidelines in optimizing use of  resources: 1. 2. 3. 4. Analyze the capabilities of individuals and the characteristics or requirements of the job. Match the people and jobs to get the best performance. Fully  use  the  human  resources  available  to accomplish  tasks. Consider  the  balance  between  the  re- quirements  and  work  morale. DELEGATING.   —Delegating   authority   to your  people  is  important  because  it  will  encourage your   subordinates   to   seek   responsibility   for managing tasks. Giving orders may seem like the easiest  way  to  get  a  job  done.  However,  that  is not the best way to motivate an individual to be effective  and  efficient. When you give an order, give a reason for the order.  By  explaining,  your  people  will  know you’re not just making more work for them, but avoiding extra work and making the task easier. Along with assigning a task, you must delegate your authority to carry out the task. Delegating authority works well when you have several jobs going  on  and  can’t  oversee  all  jobs  at  the  same time.  Someone  has  to  be  in  charge  in  every  group. When  you  ask  a  subordinate  to  share  in  task 2-7