Art. 83. Fraudulent Enlistment, Appointment, or Separation Any person who: (1)   procures   his   own   enlistment   or appointment in the armed forces by knowingly false representation or deliberate concealment as  to  his  qualifications  for  that  enlistment  or appointment  and  receives  pay  or  allowances thereunder; or (2) procures his own separation from the armed forces by knowingly false representation or  deliberate  concealment  as  to  his  eligibility for that separation; shall be punished as a court-martial may direct. An  essential  element  of  the  offense  of  fraudulent enlistment or appointment is that the accused shall have received pay or allowances while under that enlistment or appointment. Acceptance of food, clothing, shelter, or   transportation   from   the   government   constitutes receipt of allowances. After   apprehension,   an   accused   charged   with having fraudulently obtained separation from a branch of the armed forces is subject to the UCMJ. The accused is subject to the UCMJ while in the custody of the armed forces   and   while   awaiting   trial   for   the   fraudulent separation. Art. 84. Unlawful Enlistment, Appointment, or Separation Any  person  subject  to  this  chapter  who effects  an  enlistment  or  appointment  in  or  a separation from the armed forces of any person who is known to him to be ineligible for that enlistment, appointment, or separation because it is prohibited by law, regulation, or order shall be punished as a court-martial may direct. Art. 85. Desertion Members   of   the   armed   forces   who,   without permission,  leave  their  place  of  duty  or  organization with the intent to remain away permanently are guilty of desertion. The   status   of   an   absentee   changes   to   that   of   a deserter after 30 days of absence, or sooner if the intent to  desert  is  apparent.  For  example,  suppose  a  Navy member   goes   ashore   without   permission,   taking   all personal belongings and announcing to shipmates that he/she is leaving the service for good. That person could be immediately declared a deserter. After   an   individual   is   declared   a   deserter, notification is forwarded to the next of kin, the deserter’s hometown  police,  and  various  other  law  enforcement agencies,   including   the   FBI.   Deserters   are   nearly always  caught  and  identified  because  of  nationwide fi n g e r p r i n t i n g    a n d    i d e n t i fi c a t i o n    p r a c t i c e s . Furthermore,  expenses  incurred  in  the  return  of  the deserter   to   military   control   are   chargeable   to   the returned absentee. The effects of desertion can be many; some can be severe. If tried and convicted of desertion, the deserter is almost certainly imprisoned; in time of war, the deserter may   be   executed.   A   person   whose   conviction   of desertion   in   time   of   war   results   in   a   dishonorable discharge can never hold any office of trust or profit in the United States government. Art. 86. Absence without Leave Any   member   of   the   armed   forces   who, without authority— (1)   fails  to  go  to  his  appointed  place  of duty at the time prescribed; (2)   goes from that place; or (3)   absents   himself   or   remains   absent from his unit, organization, or place of duty at which   he   is   required   to   be   at   the   time prescribed; shall be punished as a court-martial may direct. This article covers every case not provided for in the other   punitive   articles   in   which   an   armed   forces member, through that member’s own fault, is not in a required  location  at  a  specified  time.  As  opposed  to desertion,   whether   or   not   the   member   intended   to remain   away   makes   no   difference.   The   intent   is expressed by the member’s absence. 2-23 Student Notes: