Ship’s Operation Operating factors may make it necessary to review stock  records  and  reevaluate  the  requirements  for  some or  all  items  stocked.  These  factors  are: expected  length  of  cruise type of operation (combat or training) expected  climate  during  the  operation supply support that will be available If the expected length of a cruise is less than the normal endurance load, then no major adjustment is necessary. However, if the operation is expected to last longer,  review  fast-moving  and  essential  items  to determine  if  there  are  increased  requirements. If the ship has been operating in a hot or temperate climate  for  an  extended  period  of  time  and  then scheduled for deployment to the arctic, a rewiew of materials  required  for  cold  weather  operations  is advisable. A  major  factor  of  concern  to  the  supply  officer, when the ship is scheduled for deployment, is the supply support during the cruise. Will the ship be steaming independently? Will it be in company of similar ships? Will it obtain material from mobile logistics support ships  or  ashore  activities?  All  of  these  questions  must be answered before the supply officer can accurately determine the ship’s requirements. This information is usually provided in the operation orders. ROUTINE  REQUIREMENTS A ship’s requirements usually will fall under the heading   of   “routine   requirements.”   The   factors discussed in the preceding paragraphs apply to new ships  and  special  circumstances.  When  applicable, they  must  be  considered  in  determining  the  ships’ requirements  The  requirement  for  an  item  is  initially established  when  the  ship  is  commissioned  or  when  it is first stocked. The requirement is validated at each supply  overhaul. Routine requirements are of two types: (1) stock replenishment—  to  replace  material  issued  from  your storerooms,  and  (2)  direct  turnover  (DTO)—  material not  carried  in  your  storerooms  ordered  as  a  result of a verified requirement from another department. When received it directly turned over to the requesting department Stock replenishment requirements normally are identified  by  the  stock  records  Storekeeper  when posting issues to the stock record cards. NOTE: On ships without Supply Corps Officers, heads of departments are responsible to determine their requirements  for  general  stems  and  requesting  that  the supply office prepare a DTO requisition. Each time a repair part is used, a request should be submitted to the supply office so that a replacement can be  requisitioned.  Many  of  the  factors  discussed  above must   be   considered   by   heads   of   departments   in determining  their  requirements. SOURCE OF SUPPLY The  material  required  to  support  your  ship  is normally   procured   through   the   supply   system. Emergency  procurement  may  be  by  transfer  from another  ship  or  by  purchase  on  the  open  market. Operation  orders  and  instructions  specify  the  sources  of supply. WITHIN THE UNITED STATES When  your  ship  is  home-ported  in  the  United States  support  normally  is  obtained  from  the  nearest supply  supped  activity  or  fleet  industrial  supply  center. They  either  furnish  the  material  or  pass  the requisition  to  the  appropriate  activity  for  action.  The supply department of a naval shipyard or other ashore activity may issue maintenance items to ships while at that   activity. Requisitions   for   major   stock replenishment  should  be  submitted  to  the  established supply support activity. Fleet commands may also use Combat  Logistics  Forces  (CLF)  ships  to  support  other ships  when  desirable. OVERSEAS Ships in overseas waters are supplied by combat logistics  forces  (CLF)  units  or  overseas  bases  as specified  in  their  operation  oders  and  instructions. CLF   supply   support   is   normally   by   underway replenishment.  Procedures  for  obtaining  CLF  support are found in the various fleet requisitioning guides. Local commands and operating conditions determine if the  underway  replenishment  is  to  be  by  conventional replenishment  (CONREP)  ship  alongside,  vertical replenishment  (VERTREP)  helicopter,  or  both. The Fleet Issue Requirements List (FIRL) projects the  material  requirements  for  resupply  support  of  all 5-3