Ship’s Characteristics, Continued Term Standard  Tactical Diameter Standard  Rudder Angle  of  Turn Definition Standard  tactical  diameter  is  the  specific  distance  recorded  in tactical  publications  for  each  ship.  It  varies  with  each  ship  class. Standard  rudder  is  the  amount  of  rudder  angle  used  to  make  the ship  turn  in  the  standard  tactical  diameter.  On  most  ships,  this  is equal to 15°. Angle  of  turn  is  the  angle  measured  from  the  point  where  the rudder  was  put  over  to  the  point  where  the  ship  steadies  on  the new  course. For  example,  if  a  ship  is  on  course  300°  and  turns  starboard  to  new course  345°,  the  angle  of  turn  is  45°. Drift Angle Kick Using  Turn  Bearing:  Finding  the  angle  of  a  turn  is  necessary  for using  turn  bearings.  A  turn  bearing  is  a  bearing  from  an  ATON  on which  the  ship  will  put the  rudder  over  to STANDARD TACTICAL DIAMETER AT 15 KNOTS REQUIRING execute  a  turn.  Every STANDARD  RUDDER ship  maintains  a  tactical characteristics   folder, Angle of turn Advance Transfer (degrees) (yards) (yards) which  contains  advance and  transfer  tables  as 15 185 40 shown  in  table  11-1. 30 275 85 45 345 115 Advance  and  Transfer 60 390 190 tables  are  used  to 75 445 270 90 500 375 determine  turn  bearings. 105 450 445 120 405 520 They  are  entered  using 135 360 590 the  angle  of  turn  and 150 315 655 165 265 725 the  ship’s  speed. 180 205 800 Actual   construction   of 26NVM113 turn  bearings  will  be Table  11-1.  Sample  from  Advance  and covered  in  chapter  12. Tansfer  Tables. Drift  angle  is  an  angle  at  any  point  on  the  turning  circle  between the  intersection  of  the  tangent  at  that  point  and  the  ship’s  keel  line. Kick  is  the  swirl  of  water  toward  the  inside  of  the  turn  when  the rudder  is  put  over.  Also,  the  momentary  movement  of  the  ship’s stern  toward  the  side  opposite  the  direction  of  the  turn. 11-8